Comparison of calcium and hydroxyl ion release ability and in vivo apatite-forming ability of three bioceramic-containing root canal sealers

• Published in: Clinical oral investigations 2022-02, Vol.26 (2), p.1443-1451
• Main Authors: Belal, Razi Saifullah Ibn, Edanami, Naoki, Yoshiba, Kunihiko, Yoshiba, Nagako, Ohkura, Naoto, Takenaka, Shoji, Noiri, Yuichiro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Apatite; Apatites; Calcium; Calcium Compounds; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentistry; Drug Combinations; Electron probe; Endodontics; Epoxy Resins; Hydroxides; Materials Testing; Medicine; Original Article; Phosphorus; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Rats; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root canals; Sealing compounds; Silicates; Spherulites
• ISSN: 1432-6981; 1436-3771
• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04118-w

Objective Bioceramic-containing root canal sealers promote periapical healing via Ca 2+ and OH − release and apatite formation on the surface. This study aimed to compare Ca 2+ and OH − release and in vivo apatite formation of three bioceramic-containing root canal sealers: EndoSequence BC sealer (Endo-BC), MTA Fillapex (MTA-F), and Nishika Canal Sealer BG (N-BG). Materials and methods Polytetrafluoroethylene tubes filled with sealers were immersed in distilled water for 6 and 12 h and for 1, 7, 14, and 28 days to measure Ca 2+ and OH − release. Additionally, tubes filled with sealers were implanted in the backs of rats for 28 days, and in vivo apatite formation was analyzed using an electron probe microanalyzer. Results Endo-BC released significantly more Ca 2+ than the other sealers at 6 and 12 h and 1 day. Ca 2+ release was significantly lower from N-BG than from Endo-BC and MTA-F at 14 and 28 days. OH − release was significantly higher from Endo-BC than from the other sealers throughout the experiment, except at 1 day. OH − release was lower from N-BG than from MTA-F at 6 h and 7 days. Only Endo-BC implants exhibited apatite-like calcium-, phosphorus-, oxygen-, and carbon-rich spherulites and apatite layer–like calcium- and phosphorus-rich, but radiopaque element-free, surface regions. Conclusions Ca 2+ and OH − release is ranked as follows: Endo-BC > MTA-F > N-BG. Only Endo-BC demonstrated in vivo apatite formation. Clinical relevance Endo-BC could promote faster periapical healing than MTA-F and N-BG.