An Analysis of the Effects of Spaceflight and Vaccination on Antibody Repertoire Diversity

• Published in: ImmunoHorizons 2021-08, Vol.5 (8), p.675-686
• Main Authors: Rettig, Trisha A, Tan, John C, Nishiyama, Nina C, Chapes, Stephen K, Pecaut, Michael J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibody Diversity - genetics; Antibody Diversity - immunology; Bone Marrow - immunology; Bone Marrow - metabolism; Complementarity Determining Regions - genetics; Complementarity Determining Regions - immunology; Female; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains - genetics; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains - immunology; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; RNA-Seq - methods; Space Flight - methods; Spleen - immunology; Spleen - metabolism; Vaccination - methods
• ISSN: 2573-7732; 2573-7732
• DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100056

Ab repertoire diversity plays a critical role in the host's ability to fight pathogens. CDR3 is partially responsible for Ab-Ag binding and is a significant source of diversity in the repertoire. CDR3 diversity is generated during VDJ rearrangement because of gene segment selection, gene segment trimming and splicing, and the addition of nucleotides. We analyzed the Ab repertoire diversity across multiple experiments examining the effects of spaceflight on the Ab repertoire after vaccination. Five datasets from four experiments were analyzed using rank-abundance curves and Shannon indices as measures of diversity. We discovered a trend toward lower diversity as a result of spaceflight but did not find the same decrease in our physiological model of microgravity in either the spleen or bone marrow. However, the bone marrow repertoire showed a reduction in diversity after vaccination. We also detected differences in Shannon indices between experiments and tissues. We did not detect a pattern of CDR3 usage across the experiments. Overall, we were able to find differences in the Ab repertoire diversity across experimental groups and tissues.