Chemotherapy resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer: Mechanisms and emerging treatments

Ovarian cancer (OC) remains a fatal malignancy because most patients experience recurrent disease, which is resistant to chemotherapy. The outcomes for patients with platinum-resistant OC are poor, response rates to further chemotherapy are low and median survival is lower than 12 months. The comple...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Seminars in cancer biology 2021-12, Vol.77, p.144-166
Main Authors: Marchetti, Claudia, De Felice, Francesca, Romito, Alessia, Iacobelli, Valentina, Sassu, Carolina Maria, Corrado, Giacomo, Ricci, Caterina, Scambia, Giovanni, Fagotti, Anna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomarkers, Tumor
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial - drug therapy
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm - drug effects
Female
Humans
Innovative drugs
Ovarian cancer
Platinum resistance
Predictive biomarkers
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Summary:Ovarian cancer (OC) remains a fatal malignancy because most patients experience recurrent disease, which is resistant to chemotherapy. The outcomes for patients with platinum-resistant OC are poor, response rates to further chemotherapy are low and median survival is lower than 12 months. The complexity of platinum-resistant OC, which comprises a heterogeneous spectrum of diseases, is indeed far from being completely understood. Therefore, comprehending tumors’ biological behaviour to identify reliable biomarkers, which may predict responses to therapies, is a demanding challenge to improve OC management. In the age of precision medicine, efforts to overcome platinum resistance in OC represent a dynamic and vast field in which innovative drugs and clinical trials rapidly develop. This review will present the exceptional biochemical environment implicated in OC and highlights mechanisms of chemoresistance. Furthermore, innovative molecules and new therapeutic opportunities are presented, along with currently available therapies and ongoing clinical trials.
ISSN:1044-579X
1096-3650
DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.08.011