Seroepidemiological survey on chikungunya in endemic zones for arboviruses in Brazil, 2019

• Published in: Zoonoses and public health 2021-12, Vol.68 (8), p.955-964
• Main Authors: Braga, Dayse Aparecida de Oliveira, Barreto, Francisca Kalline de Almeida, Paiva, Clemilson Nogueira, Ramalho, Izabel Letícia Cavalcante, Cavalcanti, Luciano Pamplona de Góes, Alencar, Carlos Henrique
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Arboviruses; Bivariate analysis; Brazil - epidemiology; chikungunya; Chikungunya Fever - epidemiology; Chikungunya Fever - veterinary; Chikungunya virus; Confidence intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Density; Distribution patterns; ELISA; epidemiology; Female; Humans; Polls & surveys; Robustness (mathematics); Seroepidemiologic Studies; seroepidemiological studies; Seroepidemiology; Serology; Spatial analysis; Spatial distribution; Statistical analysis; Stiffness; Surveying; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symptoms; Vector-borne diseases
• ISSN: 1863-1959; 1863-2378
• DOI: 10.1111/zph.12888

This study aimed to identify the seroprevalence of chikungunya and its associated factors in the city of Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil. We also aimed to identify the spatial distribution patterns of positive cases. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with a questionnaire about clinical symptoms, socioeconomic and demographic factors, and a 10 ml blood sample was collected and analysed by ELISA. For the bivariate analysis, we use the chi‐square test, a prevalence ratio and its 95% confidence interval. A robust Poisson hierarchical regression was used to adjust for confounders. The Kernel density was performed for the spatial analysis. A total of 409 samples were analysed; of them, 70.7% were seropositive for previous exposure to chikungunya virus (CHIKV). High seropositivity for CHIKV was higher in female participants (75.5%; PR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06–1.43), those aged 31 years or more (74.3%; PR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.04–2.52), and those with elementary education level (75.0%; PR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.06–1.60). There were also high seroprevalence in those with less than a minimum wage per month (89.5%; PR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.11–2.30), housewives (87.5%; PR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.24–2.18) and unemployed (80.0%; PR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.10–2.06). After adjusting for age, morning stiffness was the only chikungunya symptom that remained associated (PR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.37; p