The middle glenohumeral ligament: a classification based on arthroscopic evaluation

Although middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) variations have been shown in the literature, their clinical effect and relationship with intra-articular pathologies have yet to be revealed, except for the Buford complex. This study was designed to classify MGHL and to reveal its relationship with clin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2022-03, Vol.31 (3), p.e85-e91
Main Authors: Kaptan, Ahmet Yiğit, Özer, Mustafa, Alim, Ece, Perçin, Ali, Ayanoğlu, Tacettin, Öztürk, Burak Yağmur, Kanatli, Ulunay
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anatomic variations
Anterior instability
Arthroscopy
Buford complex
Humans
Joint Instability - surgery
Ligaments, Articular - surgery
Middle glenohumeral ligament
Retrospective Studies
Rotator Cuff
Shoulder arthroscopy
Shoulder Injuries
Shoulder Joint - surgery
SLAP lesion
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Summary:Although middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) variations have been shown in the literature, their clinical effect and relationship with intra-articular pathologies have yet to be revealed, except for the Buford complex. This study was designed to classify MGHL and to reveal its relationship with clinical pathologies. A total of 843 consecutive shoulder arthroscopies were evaluated retrospectively, and a classification system was proposed for MGHL with regard to its structure and its relation to the anterior labrum. The associations of each MGHL type with superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions, subscapularis tears, and anterior instability were investigated. MGHL variations were grouped into 6 types according to the classification. A significant difference in favor of type 6 MGHL (Buford complex) was observed in the distribution of SLAP lesions (P < .001). There was no significant difference between MGHL types and the distribution of anterior instability history (P = .131) and subscapularis tears (P = .324). SLAP lesions accompany type 6 MGHLs (Buford complex) significantly more frequently than other types. There is also a negative relation between the anterior instability and thicker MGHL variants.
ISSN:1058-2746
1532-6500
DOI:10.1016/j.jse.2021.07.026