Schwann cell‐derived exosomes: Janus‐faced mediators of regeneration and disease

The phenotypic plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) has contributed to the regenerative potential of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but also pathological processes. This double‐sided effect has led to an increasing attention to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes in SCs to examin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Glia 2022-01, Vol.70 (1), p.20-34
Main Authors: Wong, Fang Cheng, Ye, Linhan, Demir, Ihsan Ekin, Kahlert, Christoph
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
axonal regeneration
Biomarkers
Cell Communication
Exosomes
Extracellular Vesicles
Functional integration
Microenvironments
Molecular modelling
Nerve Regeneration - physiology
Nervous system
peripheral diseases
Peripheral nervous system
Phenotypic plasticity
Regeneration
Schwann cells
Schwann Cells - pathology
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Summary:The phenotypic plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) has contributed to the regenerative potential of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but also pathological processes. This double‐sided effect has led to an increasing attention to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes in SCs to examine the intercellular communication between SCs and their surroundings. Here, we first describe the current knowledge of SC and EV biology, which forms the basis for the updates on advances in SC‐derived exosomes research. We seek to explore in‐depth the exosome‐mediated molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of SCs and their microenvironment. This review concludes with potential applications of SC‐derived exosomes as delivery vehicles for therapeutics and biomarkers. The goal of this review is to emphasize the crucial role of SC‐derived exosomes in the functional integration of the PNS, highlighting an emerging area in which there is much to explore and re‐explore. Main Points Exosomes secreted from different phenotypic SCs carry distinct cargoes that exert either neuroprotective or pathologic effect on the recipient cells, opening new opportunities for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
ISSN:0894-1491
1098-1136
DOI:10.1002/glia.24087