Correlation of DNA methylation patterns to the phenotypic features of Tibetan elite alpinists in extreme hypoxia

High altitude is an extreme environment that imposes hypoxic pressure on physiological processes, and natives living at high altitudes are more adaptive in certain physiological processes. So far, epigenetic modifications under extreme changes in hypoxic pressures are relatively less understood. Her...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of genetics and genomics 2021-10, Vol.48 (10), p.928-935
Main Authors: Basang, Zhuoma, Zhang, Shixuan, Yang, La, Quzong, Deji, Li, Yi, Ma, Yanyun, Hao, Meng, Pu, WeiLin, Liu, Xiaoyu, Xie, Hongjun, Liang, Meng, Wang, Jiucun, Danzeng, Qiangba
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive potentials
Adult
Altitude
CpG Islands - genetics
DNA methylation
DNA Methylation - genetics
Elite alpinists
Epigenesis, Genetic - genetics
Extreme hypoxia environment
Female
Humans
Hypoxia - genetics
Male
Mountaineering
Phenotype
Phenotype association
Tibet
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Summary:High altitude is an extreme environment that imposes hypoxic pressure on physiological processes, and natives living at high altitudes are more adaptive in certain physiological processes. So far, epigenetic modifications under extreme changes in hypoxic pressures are relatively less understood. Here, we recruit 32 Tibetan elite alpinists (TEAs), who have successfully mounted Everest (8848 m) at least five times. Blood samples and physiological phenotypes of TEAs and 32 matched non-alpinist Tibetan volunteers (non-TEAs) are collected for analysis. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis identifies 23,202 differentially methylated CpGs (Padj  0.1) between the two groups. Some differentially methylated CpGs are in hypoxia-related genes such as PPP1R13L, MAP3K7CL, SEPTI-9, and CUL2. In addition, Gene ontology enrichment analysis reveals several inflammation-related pathways. Phenotypic analysis indicates that 12 phenotypes are significantly different between the two groups. In particular, TEAs exhibit higher blood oxygen saturation levels and lower neutrophil count, platelet count, and heart rate. For DNA methylation association analysis, we find that two CpGs (cg16687447, cg06947206) upstream of PTEN were associated with platelet count. In conclusion, extreme hypoxia exposure leads to epigenetic modifications and phenotypic alterations of TEA, providing us clues for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying changes under extreme hypoxia conditions.
ISSN:1673-8527
DOI:10.1016/j.jgg.2021.05.015