Application of CRISPR-Cas9 based gene editing to study the pathogenesis of colon and liver cancer using organoids

Two breakthrough techniques that have totally revolutionized biology in last 1 decade are the discovery of genome editing tools and growing the stem cells/primary tissue explants in defined 3D culture. In this regard the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 as a specific gene editing tool and organoid culture f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hepatology international 2021-12, Vol.15 (6), p.1309-1317
Main Authors: Ramakrishna, Gayatri, Babu, Preedia E., Singh, Ravinder, Trehanpati, Nirupma
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal models
Animals
Cell culture
Colon
Colon cancer
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal Surgery
CRISPR
CRISPR-Cas Systems
Explants
Gene Editing
Genetic modification
Genome editing
Genomes
Hepatology
Humans
Liver
Liver cancer
Liver Neoplasms - genetics
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mutation
Organoids
Pathogenesis
Review Article
Stem cell transplantation
Stem cells
Surgery
Tumors
Xenografts
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Summary:Two breakthrough techniques that have totally revolutionized biology in last 1 decade are the discovery of genome editing tools and growing the stem cells/primary tissue explants in defined 3D culture. In this regard the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 as a specific gene editing tool and organoid culture from adult stem cell has provided easy handy tools to uncover the process of organ development and also modeling cancer. Genetically modified organoids have been developed by sequential knockout and knockin of driver mutations by genome editing followed by niche-based selection. The modified organoids when xenotransplanted in animal models faithfully recapitulate the neoplastic events of human tumors. The present review focuses on the merging of these two powerful technologies in understanding the complexities of colon and liver cancer.
ISSN:1936-0533
1936-0541
DOI:10.1007/s12072-021-10237-z