Gas and gas-generating nanoplatforms in cancer therapy

Gas therapy is the usage of certain gases with special therapeutic effects for the treatment of diseases. Hydrogen (H 2 ), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) acting as gas signalling molecules are representative gases in cancer therapy. They act directly on mitocho...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine Materials for biology and medicine, 2021-10, Vol.9 (41), p.8541-8557
Main Authors: Jing, Yuan-Zhe, Li, Shu-Jin, Sun, Zhi-Jun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
Apoptosis
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide - chemistry
Carbon Monoxide - pharmacology
Controlled release
Gases
Gases - chemistry
Gases - pharmacology
Humans
Hydrogen - chemistry
Hydrogen - pharmacology
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide - chemistry
Hydrogen Sulfide - pharmacology
Macrophages
Microenvironments
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - drug effects
Mitochondria - metabolism
Nanoparticles - chemistry
Nanotechnology
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neoplasms - metabolism
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide - chemistry
Nitric Oxide - pharmacology
Phenotypes
Side effects
Therapy
Tumor microenvironment
Tumors
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Summary:Gas therapy is the usage of certain gases with special therapeutic effects for the treatment of diseases. Hydrogen (H 2 ), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) acting as gas signalling molecules are representative gases in cancer therapy. They act directly on mitochondria or nuclei to lead to cell apoptosis. They can also alleviate immuno-suppression in the tumour microenvironment and promote phenotype conversion of tumour-associated macrophages. Moreover, the combination of gas therapy and other traditional therapy methods can reduce side effects and improve therapeutic efficacy. Here, we discuss the roles of NO, CO, H 2 S and H 2 in cancer biology. Considering the rapidly developing nanotechnology, gas-generating nanoplatforms which can achieve targeted delivery and controlled release were also discussed. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and future opportunities of gas-based cancer therapy. Gas-generating nanoplatforms have promising therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
ISSN:2050-750X
2050-7518
DOI:10.1039/d1tb01661j