Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Enhancement of Antibiotic Action by Punica granatum Leaves Crude Extract and Enriched Fraction against Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria

• Published in: Chemistry & biodiversity 2021-12, Vol.18 (12), p.e2100538-n/a
• Main Authors: Lima, Liliane Bezerra, Silva, Wliana Alves Viturino, Santos, Ewelyn Cintya Felipe, Machado, Janaína Carla Barbosa, Procópio, Thamara Figueiredo, Moura, Maiara Celine, Napoleão, Thiago Henrique, Ferreira, Magda Rhayanny Assunção, Soares, Luiz Alberto Lira
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; antibacterial activity; Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; antioxidant activity; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - isolation & purification; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Azithromycin; Bacteria; Benzothiazoles - antagonists & inhibitors; Biphenyl Compounds - antagonists & inhibitors; chromatographic analyses; Chromatography; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - drug effects; Electron transfer; Escherichia coli - drug effects; Ethyl acetate; Flavonoids; Gentamicin; Klebsiella pneumoniae - drug effects; Liquid chromatography; Lythraceae - chemistry; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minimum inhibitory concentration; modulatory activity; Multidrug resistant organisms; Phenols; Picrates - antagonists & inhibitors; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects; Punica granatum; Strains (organisms); Sulfonic Acids - antagonists & inhibitors; Synergistic effect; Thin layer chromatography
• ISSN: 1612-1872; 1612-1880
• DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100538

The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential of crude extract and fractions of Punica granatum leaves. The extract was produced by turbo extraction, after which hexanic, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions were obtained by partitioning. The chemical analyses were performed by thin layer chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography, and the antioxidant activities were assayed by DPPH. and ABTS.+. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) were applied to twenty‐two bacteria. Most strains susceptible to extract/fractions and resistant to antibiotics were selected, and ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were associated with the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) against multidrug‐resistant strains in modulatory and checkboard models. The data from chromatographic analyses showed flavonoids and tannins in the extract, as well as the enrichment of EAF in phenols, mainly flavonoids. The flavonoids were connected to the electron transfer activity demonstrated in the DPPH. and ABTS.+ assays. Gram‐positive strains are more susceptible to EAF. The subinhibitory concentrations of P. granatum enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the agents and reduced the EAF individual MIC, and the combination of EAF and antibiotics demonstrated a synergistic effect. These results present a promising approach for developing a therapy in which antioxidant extracts and fractions can be used in combination with antibiotics.