The effect of different training frequency on bone mineral density in older adults. A comparative systematic review and meta-analysis

Exercise frequency is a key aspect of exercise protocols. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we determined the effect of training frequency on (areal) bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine (LS) and hip. Reviewing seven electronic databases up to April 2021, we conducted a systematic r...

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Published in:Bone (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2022-01, Vol.154, p.116230-116230, Article 116230
Main Authors: Zitzmann, Anna-Lena, Shojaa, Mahdieh, Kast, Stephanie, Kohl, Matthias, von Stengel, Simon, Borucki, Diana, Gosch, Markus, Jakob, Franz, Kerschan-Schindl, Katharina, Kladny, Bernd, Lange, Uwe, Middeldorf, Stefan, Peters, Stefan, Schoene, Daniel, Sieber, Cornel, Thomasius, Friederike, Uder, Michael, Kemmler, Wolfgang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Bone Density
Bone mineral density
Exercise
Female
Femur Neck
Guideline
Humans
Lumbar Vertebrae
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Postmenopause
Resistance Training
Training frequency
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Summary:Exercise frequency is a key aspect of exercise protocols. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we determined the effect of training frequency on (areal) bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine (LS) and hip. Reviewing seven electronic databases up to April 2021, we conducted a systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA statement. Inclusion criteria were (a) controlled exercise trials (b) with at least two study arms that compared low versus high exercise frequency, (c) an intervention ≥6 months and (d) BMD assessments at lumbar spine (LS) or hip. The analysis was conducted as a mixed-effect meta-analysis and used “type of exercise” and “study duration” as moderators in subgroup analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMD) for LS- and hip-BMD changes were defined as outcome measures. Seven studies with 17 exercise groups were included in the analysis. We observed significantly higher effects of high (≥2 sessions/week) vs. low net training frequency (1–
ISSN:8756-3282
1873-2763
DOI:10.1016/j.bone.2021.116230