Clinicoradiological comparative study of Aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and MOG antibody associated disease (MOGAD): A prospective observational study and review of literature

• Published in: Journal of neuroimmunology 2021-12, Vol.361, p.577742-577742, Article 577742
• Main Authors: NAGIREDDY, Ram Bhupal Reddy, Kumar, Anand, Singh, Varun Kumar, Prasad, Rajniti, Pathak, Abhishek, Chaurasia, Rameshwar Nath, Mishra, Vijaya Nath, Joshi, Deepika
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones - therapeutic use; Adult; Age of Onset; Antirheumatic Agents - therapeutic use; Aquaporin 4 - immunology; Aquaporin-4; Autoantibodies - blood; Autoantibodies - immunology; Autoantigens - immunology; Child; CNS demyelination; Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS - diagnostic imaging; Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS - epidemiology; Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS - immunology; Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS - therapy; Female; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Immunoglobulin G - immunology; Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use; Male; Multiple sclerosis; Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein - immunology; Myelitis; Neuromyelitis Optica - diagnostic imaging; Neuromyelitis Optica - epidemiology; Neuromyelitis Optica - therapy; NMOSD; Optic neuritis; Phenotype; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Rituximab - therapeutic use; Seizures - etiology; Tertiary Care Centers; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0165-5728; 1872-8421
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577742

Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are autoimmune inflammatory central nervous system diseases. NMOSD patients typically have recurrent attacks of severe optic neuritis or/and myelitis with majority of them having autoantibodies against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4). In the recent past, a robust association of autoantibodies to full-length human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) with optic neuritis, myelitis and brainstem encephalitis, as well as with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like presentations had been demonstrated. MOG-IgG antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is now considered as a disease entity in its own right, distinct from classic MS and from AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD. Here, we compared the clinical, laboratory, radiological features and treatment outcomes of patients with Aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive NMOSD and MOGAD. Relatively younger age at onset, lesser number of relapses, better response to treatment and favorable clinical outcomes were found in MOGAD group in comparison to AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD group. [Display omitted] •NMOSD are autoimmune inflammatory central nervous system diseases with majority of them having AQP4 antibodies.•MOG-IgG antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is now considered as a separate disease, distinct from classic MS and NMOSD.•This study compares the clinico-radiological features, clinical course & treatment outcomes between NMOSD & MOGAD patients.•Younger age at onset, lesser relapses, better response to treatment & favorable outcomes were found in MOGAD patients.