Dynamics of cell death across growth stages and the diel cycle in the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Recent evidence suggests that programmed cell death (PCD) can play a role in stress‐induced decline and termination of harmful algal blooms. However, components of the PCD cascade, i.e. reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase‐like activity, have also been observed in the absence of exogenous stres...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology 2022-01, Vol.69 (1), p.e12874-n/a
Main Authors: Gao, Yida, Erdner, Deana L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acclimation
Acclimatization
Algal blooms
Antioxidants
Apoptosis
Caspase
caspase‐like activity
Cell culture
Cell Death
Circadian rhythms
Components
diel variation
Dinoflagellates
Dinoflagellida
Eutrophication
Growth
Harmful Algal Bloom
Karenia brevis
Metabolism
Microorganisms
Mortality
normal growth
Phytoplankton
programmed cell death
Reactive Oxygen Species
Stationary phase
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Summary:Recent evidence suggests that programmed cell death (PCD) can play a role in stress‐induced decline and termination of harmful algal blooms. However, components of the PCD cascade, i.e. reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase‐like activity, have also been observed in the absence of exogenous stress, where their activities and functions remain unclear. Here, we characterized the variability of prevalence of cell death, ROS, and caspase‐like activity at different growth phases and diel cycles in cultures of dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. Results show that ROS percentages increased with culture age and fluctuated in a phasing diel pattern, while caspase‐like activity was observed throughout growth. In actively growing K. brevis cells, PCD components may be involved in key metabolic processes, while in stationary phase they may relate to stress acclimation. The circadian diel pattern of ROS may be explained by the balance between the metabolic generation of ROS and circadian rhythmicity of antioxidant enzymes. Overall, this work highlights not only the involvement of PCD components in the growth of marine phytoplankton, but the importance of understanding mechanisms controlling their accumulation, which would help to better interpret their presence in the field.
ISSN:1066-5234
1550-7408
DOI:10.1111/jeu.12874