Neighborhood greenspace and cardiometabolic risk factors: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis in ELSA-Brasil participants

• Published in: Health & place 2021-11, Vol.72, p.102699-102699, Article 102699
• Main Authors: Almeida, Luciene Fátima Fernandes, Barreto, Sandhi Maria, Souza, Renato César Ferreira de, Cardoso, Letícia de Oliveira, Giatti, Luana
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Associations; Cardiometabolic risk factors; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Green infrastructure; Greenspace; Health risks; Herbaceous cover; High density lipoprotein; Humans; Income; Longitudinal Studies; Neighborhoods; Normalized difference vegetative index; Obesity; Parks, Recreational; Regression analysis; Regression models; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Sociodemographic Factors; Sociodemographics; Tree cover; Vegetation
• ISSN: 1353-8292; 1873-2054
• DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102699

Greater neighborhood greenspace has been associated with better cardiometabolic risk factors, especially in high-income countries. This cross-sectional and longitudinal study assessed this association in approximately 2000 participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) residing in Belo Horizonte, a large Brazilian capital city. Neighborhood greenspace was studied through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and two additional types, percentages of tree cover and herbaceous cover. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of neighborhood greenspace with three metabolic factors – (i) obesity, (ii) abdominal obesity, and (iii) low HDL-cholesterol – after adjustment for individual sociodemographic factors and neighborhood average household income per capita. Cross-sectional results showed that higher neighborhood greenspace was associated with lower odds of obesity, abdominal obesity and low HDL-c. However, neighborhood greenspace was not associated with the incidence of any of these risk factors. The percentage of tree cover seemed to contribute more to the associations found with NDVI than the percentage of herbaceous cover. The results support the evidence that increased neighborhood greenspace contributes to maintain a better cardiometabolic health. •Neighborhood greenspace was studied through: NDVI, tree cover and herbaceous cover.•Greenspace was associated with lower prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors.•Associations with tree cover were stronger than with herbaceous cover.•However, greenspace did not predict incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors.