The role of cholecystokinin and peptide YY in feed intake in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) larvae

• Published in: Neuropeptides (Edinburgh) 2022-02, Vol.91, p.102202-102202, Article 102202
• Main Authors: Gomes, Ana S., Lygre, Endre, Harboe, Torstein, Zimmermann, Fabian, Jordal, Ann-Elise O., Hamre, Kristin, Rønnestad, Ivar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Appetite; Appetite - physiology; Atlantic halibut; Attractants; Brain - metabolism; Cholecystokinin; Cholecystokinin - metabolism; Cysts; Eating - physiology; Feed intake; Fish larvae; Flounder - physiology; Gastrointestinal Tract - metabolism; Gene expression; Larvae; Peptide YY; Peptide YY - metabolism; Peptides; Receptors, Cholecystokinin - metabolism; Satiety
• ISSN: 0143-4179; 1532-2785
• DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102202

Control of appetite and feed intake in fish larvae are still largely unexplored. Two of the key players in controlling vertebrate's feed intake are cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY). Here we investigated the mRNA expression of pyy, cck and cck receptors (cckr) in the brain (head) and gut of Atlantic halibut larvae in response to three consecutive meals. We used Artemia nauplii cysts that are commonly ingested by halibut larvae when present as inert feed, and three water-soluble extracts as attractants to stimulate appetite. Cyst intake was not affected by the use of attractants and overall ingestion rate was low. Differences in mRNA expression of cck and pyy were observed between the halibut larvae that had eaten and those that had not despite readily available feed (cysts), supporting that mechanisms for control of feed intake are at least partly functional. All genes analysed were present in the brain and gut, however the different expression profiles between paralogues suggest potential divergent functions. In the gut, cck2 and pyyb mRNA expression was significantly higher in the larvae that ate cysts compared to larvae that decided to not eat, indicating that these genes play a satiety function in the halibut larvae similar to the general vertebrate scheme. However, cck2, cck2r1, and pyy mRNA expression in the brain were lower in the fed-filled larvae group compared to larvae before eating, which contrasts with the presumable anorectic function of these genes. Further research is required to fully evaluate how PYY and CCK affect the feeding biology in halibut larvae, contributing to formulate inert diets that can stimulate appetite and feed intake.