Loading…

Petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons in water from Lake Manzala and associated canals

Lake Manzala is located at the north eastern edge of Nile Delta in Egypt. It is separated from the Mediterranean sea by a sandy beach ridge. However, the lake is in connection with the sea through three opening nearby Port Said. The area of the lake is about 769 Km super(2) and relatively shallow wi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 1995-08, Vol.55 (2), p.258-263
Main Authors: Badawy, M.I. (National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.), Wahaab, R.A, Abou Waly, H.F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ddd
dde
DDT
LAC
Citations: Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a502t-b665dbba0dba176f6bd71900965c5278b59665e25c1b62645d3351f324e046203
cites
container_end_page 263
container_issue 2
container_start_page 258
container_title Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology
container_volume 55
creator Badawy, M.I. (National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.)
Wahaab, R.A
Abou Waly, H.F
description Lake Manzala is located at the north eastern edge of Nile Delta in Egypt. It is separated from the Mediterranean sea by a sandy beach ridge. However, the lake is in connection with the sea through three opening nearby Port Said. The area of the lake is about 769 Km super(2) and relatively shallow with an average depth of 1.3 m. The lake is of high economic value as a natural resource, for fishery, reacreation and for migratory birds. The lake is highly polluted as it receives wastewaters discharged by several canal. The present investigation aimed to assess the residue levels of petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the lake water as well as in Hadous canal, Fariskur canal and Bahr-El-Baqar canal.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/BF00203018
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_25948136</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>16967894</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a502t-b665dbba0dba176f6bd71900965c5278b59665e25c1b62645d3351f324e046203</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0U1LHEEQBuAmRMxqcskxEJiDeBAmqf6c7qMufsFKAonkOFT39MTRmem1exbRX2_rLnrcU0HVUwXFS8hXCj8oQPXz5AyAAQeqP5AZFZyVoAE-khnkaSm0op_IXkq3AFRqxnbJbiUrYzibkX-__RRD71dDgWNTuJs-xG7EyTfFzWMTg8Now5iKbiwecjcWbQxDscA7X1zh-IQ9vu5hSsF1r2sOR-zTZ7LT5uK_bOo-uT47_Tu_KBe_zi_nx4sSJbCptErJxlqExiKtVKtsU1EDYJR0klXaSpOFZ9JRq5gSsuFc0pYz4UGo_PM-OVzfXcZwv_JpqocuOd_3OPqwSjWTRmjK1VZIlVGVNmI7FLwSUujtkCsJIF4uHq2hiyGl6Nt6GbsB42NNoX4JsH4PMOPvm6srO_jmjW4Sy_ODzRyTw76NOLouvTEuNXAmM_u2Zi2GGv_HTK7_GKlo_pM_A92yp_8</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>13650044</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons in water from Lake Manzala and associated canals</title><source>Springer LINK Archives</source><creator>Badawy, M.I. (National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.) ; Wahaab, R.A ; Abou Waly, H.F</creator><creatorcontrib>Badawy, M.I. (National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.) ; Wahaab, R.A ; Abou Waly, H.F</creatorcontrib><description>Lake Manzala is located at the north eastern edge of Nile Delta in Egypt. It is separated from the Mediterranean sea by a sandy beach ridge. However, the lake is in connection with the sea through three opening nearby Port Said. The area of the lake is about 769 Km super(2) and relatively shallow with an average depth of 1.3 m. The lake is of high economic value as a natural resource, for fishery, reacreation and for migratory birds. The lake is highly polluted as it receives wastewaters discharged by several canal. The present investigation aimed to assess the residue levels of petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the lake water as well as in Hadous canal, Fariskur canal and Bahr-El-Baqar canal.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-4861</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0800</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/BF00203018</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7579932</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BECTA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; bahr-el-baqar canal ; BIFENILOS POLICLORADOS ; CANAL ; CANALES ; CANALS ; Chromatography, Gas ; Continental surface waters ; ddd ; dde ; DDT ; DDT - analysis ; DDT - metabolism ; DDT - toxicity ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - analysis ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - metabolism ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - toxicity ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - analysis ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - metabolism ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - toxicity ; EGIPTO ; EGYPT ; EGYPTE ; Exact sciences and technology ; fariskur canal ; Fresh Water ; Freshwater ; hadous canal ; HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS ; Hexachlorocyclohexane - analysis ; Hexachlorocyclohexane - metabolism ; Hexachlorocyclohexane - toxicity ; HIDROCARBUROS HALOGENADOS ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - metabolism ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - toxicity ; HYDROCARBURE HALOGENE ; Insecticides - analysis ; Insecticides - metabolism ; Insecticides - toxicity ; LAC ; LAGOS ; LAKES ; LINDANE ; LINDANO ; METABOLITE ; METABOLITES ; METABOLITOS ; Natural water pollution ; Pesticide Residues - analysis ; Pesticide Residues - metabolism ; Pesticide Residues - toxicity ; PETROLE ; PETROLEO ; PETROLEUM ; Petroleum - analysis ; Petroleum - toxicity ; Pollution ; POLLUTION DE L'EAU ; POLUCION DEL AGUA ; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - toxicity ; POLYCHLORURE DE BIPHENYLE ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity ; WATER POLLUTION ; Water treatment and pollution</subject><ispartof>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 1995-08, Vol.55 (2), p.258-263</ispartof><rights>1995 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a502t-b665dbba0dba176f6bd71900965c5278b59665e25c1b62645d3351f324e046203</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=3580325$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7579932$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Badawy, M.I. (National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wahaab, R.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abou Waly, H.F</creatorcontrib><title>Petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons in water from Lake Manzala and associated canals</title><title>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology</title><addtitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><description>Lake Manzala is located at the north eastern edge of Nile Delta in Egypt. It is separated from the Mediterranean sea by a sandy beach ridge. However, the lake is in connection with the sea through three opening nearby Port Said. The area of the lake is about 769 Km super(2) and relatively shallow with an average depth of 1.3 m. The lake is of high economic value as a natural resource, for fishery, reacreation and for migratory birds. The lake is highly polluted as it receives wastewaters discharged by several canal. The present investigation aimed to assess the residue levels of petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the lake water as well as in Hadous canal, Fariskur canal and Bahr-El-Baqar canal.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>bahr-el-baqar canal</subject><subject>BIFENILOS POLICLORADOS</subject><subject>CANAL</subject><subject>CANALES</subject><subject>CANALS</subject><subject>Chromatography, Gas</subject><subject>Continental surface waters</subject><subject>ddd</subject><subject>dde</subject><subject>DDT</subject><subject>DDT - analysis</subject><subject>DDT - metabolism</subject><subject>DDT - toxicity</subject><subject>Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - analysis</subject><subject>Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - metabolism</subject><subject>Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - toxicity</subject><subject>Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - analysis</subject><subject>Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - metabolism</subject><subject>Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - toxicity</subject><subject>EGIPTO</subject><subject>EGYPT</subject><subject>EGYPTE</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>fariskur canal</subject><subject>Fresh Water</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>hadous canal</subject><subject>HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS</subject><subject>Hexachlorocyclohexane - analysis</subject><subject>Hexachlorocyclohexane - metabolism</subject><subject>Hexachlorocyclohexane - toxicity</subject><subject>HIDROCARBUROS HALOGENADOS</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - metabolism</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - toxicity</subject><subject>HYDROCARBURE HALOGENE</subject><subject>Insecticides - analysis</subject><subject>Insecticides - metabolism</subject><subject>Insecticides - toxicity</subject><subject>LAC</subject><subject>LAGOS</subject><subject>LAKES</subject><subject>LINDANE</subject><subject>LINDANO</subject><subject>METABOLITE</subject><subject>METABOLITES</subject><subject>METABOLITOS</subject><subject>Natural water pollution</subject><subject>Pesticide Residues - analysis</subject><subject>Pesticide Residues - metabolism</subject><subject>Pesticide Residues - toxicity</subject><subject>PETROLE</subject><subject>PETROLEO</subject><subject>PETROLEUM</subject><subject>Petroleum - analysis</subject><subject>Petroleum - toxicity</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>POLLUTION DE L'EAU</subject><subject>POLUCION DEL AGUA</subject><subject>POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS</subject><subject>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis</subject><subject>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism</subject><subject>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - toxicity</subject><subject>POLYCHLORURE DE BIPHENYLE</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity</subject><subject>WATER POLLUTION</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0007-4861</issn><issn>1432-0800</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1995</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqF0U1LHEEQBuAmRMxqcskxEJiDeBAmqf6c7qMufsFKAonkOFT39MTRmem1exbRX2_rLnrcU0HVUwXFS8hXCj8oQPXz5AyAAQeqP5AZFZyVoAE-khnkaSm0op_IXkq3AFRqxnbJbiUrYzibkX-__RRD71dDgWNTuJs-xG7EyTfFzWMTg8Now5iKbiwecjcWbQxDscA7X1zh-IQ9vu5hSsF1r2sOR-zTZ7LT5uK_bOo-uT47_Tu_KBe_zi_nx4sSJbCptErJxlqExiKtVKtsU1EDYJR0klXaSpOFZ9JRq5gSsuFc0pYz4UGo_PM-OVzfXcZwv_JpqocuOd_3OPqwSjWTRmjK1VZIlVGVNmI7FLwSUujtkCsJIF4uHq2hiyGl6Nt6GbsB42NNoX4JsH4PMOPvm6srO_jmjW4Sy_ODzRyTw76NOLouvTEuNXAmM_u2Zi2GGv_HTK7_GKlo_pM_A92yp_8</recordid><startdate>19950801</startdate><enddate>19950801</enddate><creator>Badawy, M.I. (National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.)</creator><creator>Wahaab, R.A</creator><creator>Abou Waly, H.F</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19950801</creationdate><title>Petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons in water from Lake Manzala and associated canals</title><author>Badawy, M.I. (National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.) ; Wahaab, R.A ; Abou Waly, H.F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a502t-b665dbba0dba176f6bd71900965c5278b59665e25c1b62645d3351f324e046203</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1995</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>bahr-el-baqar canal</topic><topic>BIFENILOS POLICLORADOS</topic><topic>CANAL</topic><topic>CANALES</topic><topic>CANALS</topic><topic>Chromatography, Gas</topic><topic>Continental surface waters</topic><topic>ddd</topic><topic>dde</topic><topic>DDT</topic><topic>DDT - analysis</topic><topic>DDT - metabolism</topic><topic>DDT - toxicity</topic><topic>Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - analysis</topic><topic>Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - metabolism</topic><topic>Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - toxicity</topic><topic>Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - analysis</topic><topic>Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - metabolism</topic><topic>Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - toxicity</topic><topic>EGIPTO</topic><topic>EGYPT</topic><topic>EGYPTE</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>fariskur canal</topic><topic>Fresh Water</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>hadous canal</topic><topic>HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS</topic><topic>Hexachlorocyclohexane - analysis</topic><topic>Hexachlorocyclohexane - metabolism</topic><topic>Hexachlorocyclohexane - toxicity</topic><topic>HIDROCARBUROS HALOGENADOS</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - metabolism</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - toxicity</topic><topic>HYDROCARBURE HALOGENE</topic><topic>Insecticides - analysis</topic><topic>Insecticides - metabolism</topic><topic>Insecticides - toxicity</topic><topic>LAC</topic><topic>LAGOS</topic><topic>LAKES</topic><topic>LINDANE</topic><topic>LINDANO</topic><topic>METABOLITE</topic><topic>METABOLITES</topic><topic>METABOLITOS</topic><topic>Natural water pollution</topic><topic>Pesticide Residues - analysis</topic><topic>Pesticide Residues - metabolism</topic><topic>Pesticide Residues - toxicity</topic><topic>PETROLE</topic><topic>PETROLEO</topic><topic>PETROLEUM</topic><topic>Petroleum - analysis</topic><topic>Petroleum - toxicity</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>POLLUTION DE L'EAU</topic><topic>POLUCION DEL AGUA</topic><topic>POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS</topic><topic>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis</topic><topic>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism</topic><topic>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - toxicity</topic><topic>POLYCHLORURE DE BIPHENYLE</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity</topic><topic>WATER POLLUTION</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Badawy, M.I. (National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wahaab, R.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abou Waly, H.F</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution &amp; Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Badawy, M.I. (National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.)</au><au>Wahaab, R.A</au><au>Abou Waly, H.F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons in water from Lake Manzala and associated canals</atitle><jtitle>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><date>1995-08-01</date><risdate>1995</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>258</spage><epage>263</epage><pages>258-263</pages><issn>0007-4861</issn><eissn>1432-0800</eissn><coden>BECTA6</coden><abstract>Lake Manzala is located at the north eastern edge of Nile Delta in Egypt. It is separated from the Mediterranean sea by a sandy beach ridge. However, the lake is in connection with the sea through three opening nearby Port Said. The area of the lake is about 769 Km super(2) and relatively shallow with an average depth of 1.3 m. The lake is of high economic value as a natural resource, for fishery, reacreation and for migratory birds. The lake is highly polluted as it receives wastewaters discharged by several canal. The present investigation aimed to assess the residue levels of petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the lake water as well as in Hadous canal, Fariskur canal and Bahr-El-Baqar canal.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>7579932</pmid><doi>10.1007/BF00203018</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0007-4861
ispartof Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 1995-08, Vol.55 (2), p.258-263
issn 0007-4861
1432-0800
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_25948136
source Springer LINK Archives
subjects Applied sciences
bahr-el-baqar canal
BIFENILOS POLICLORADOS
CANAL
CANALES
CANALS
Chromatography, Gas
Continental surface waters
ddd
dde
DDT
DDT - analysis
DDT - metabolism
DDT - toxicity
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - analysis
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - metabolism
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - toxicity
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - analysis
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - metabolism
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane - toxicity
EGIPTO
EGYPT
EGYPTE
Exact sciences and technology
fariskur canal
Fresh Water
Freshwater
hadous canal
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS
Hexachlorocyclohexane - analysis
Hexachlorocyclohexane - metabolism
Hexachlorocyclohexane - toxicity
HIDROCARBUROS HALOGENADOS
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - metabolism
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - toxicity
HYDROCARBURE HALOGENE
Insecticides - analysis
Insecticides - metabolism
Insecticides - toxicity
LAC
LAGOS
LAKES
LINDANE
LINDANO
METABOLITE
METABOLITES
METABOLITOS
Natural water pollution
Pesticide Residues - analysis
Pesticide Residues - metabolism
Pesticide Residues - toxicity
PETROLE
PETROLEO
PETROLEUM
Petroleum - analysis
Petroleum - toxicity
Pollution
POLLUTION DE L'EAU
POLUCION DEL AGUA
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis
Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism
Polychlorinated Biphenyls - toxicity
POLYCHLORURE DE BIPHENYLE
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
WATER POLLUTION
Water treatment and pollution
title Petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons in water from Lake Manzala and associated canals
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-05T00%3A35%3A55IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Petroleum%20and%20chlorinated%20hydrocarbons%20in%20water%20from%20Lake%20Manzala%20and%20associated%20canals&rft.jtitle=Bulletin%20of%20environmental%20contamination%20and%20toxicology&rft.au=Badawy,%20M.I.%20(National%20Research%20Centre,%20Cairo,%20Egypt.)&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=258&rft.epage=263&rft.pages=258-263&rft.issn=0007-4861&rft.eissn=1432-0800&rft.coden=BECTA6&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/BF00203018&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E16967894%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a502t-b665dbba0dba176f6bd71900965c5278b59665e25c1b62645d3351f324e046203%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=13650044&rft_id=info:pmid/7579932&rfr_iscdi=true