Mitogenomics of modern Mongolic-speaking populations

Here, we present a comprehensive data set of 489 complete mitogenomes (211 of which are new) from four Mongolic-speaking populations (Mongols, Barghuts, Khamnigans, and Buryats) to investigate their matrilineal genetic structure, ancestry and relationship with other ethnic groups. We show that along...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG 2022, Vol.297 (1), p.47-62
Main Authors: Derenko, Miroslava, Denisova, Galina, Dambueva, Irina, Malyarchuk, Boris, Bazarov, Boris
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Asians - ethnology
Asians - genetics
Bayes Theorem
Bayesian analysis
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
DNA, Mitochondrial - analysis
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
Ethnicity - genetics
Gene Pool
Genetic diversity
Genetic structure
Genetic Variation
Genetics, Population
Genomics - methods
Haplotypes
Human Genetics
Humans
Language
Life Sciences
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Minority & ethnic groups
Mitochondrial DNA
Mongolia - epidemiology
Mongolia - ethnology
Original Article
Phylogeny
Phylogeography
Plant Genetics and Genomics
Population genetics
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Summary:Here, we present a comprehensive data set of 489 complete mitogenomes (211 of which are new) from four Mongolic-speaking populations (Mongols, Barghuts, Khamnigans, and Buryats) to investigate their matrilineal genetic structure, ancestry and relationship with other ethnic groups. We show that along with very high levels of genetic diversity and lack of genetic differentiation, Mongolic-speaking populations exhibit strong genetic resemblance to East Asian populations of Chinese, Japanese, and Uyghurs. Phylogeographic analysis of complete mitogenomes reveals the presence of different components in the gene pools of modern Mongolic-speaking populations—the main East Eurasian component is represented by mtDNA lineages of East Asian, Siberian and autochthonous (the Baikal region/Mongolian) ancestry, whereas the less pronounced West Eurasian component can be ascribed to Europe and West Asia/Caucasus. We also observed that up to one third of the mtDNA subhaplogroups identified in Mongolic-speaking populations can be considered as Mongolic-specific with the coalescence age of most of them not exceeding 1.7 kya. This coincides well with the population size growth which started around 1.1 kya and is detectable only in the Bayesian Skyline Plot constructed based on Mongolic-specific mitogenomes. Our data suggest that the genetic structure established during the Mongol empire is still retained in present-day Mongolic-speaking populations.
ISSN:1617-4615
1617-4623
DOI:10.1007/s00438-021-01830-w