Acute respiratory illness and return to sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’

• Published in: British journal of sports medicine 2022-02, Vol.56 (4), p.223-231
• Main Authors: Snyders, Carolette, Pyne, David B, Sewry, Nicola, Hull, James H, Kaulback, Kelly, Schwellnus, Martin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Athletes; Classification; Consensus; Humans; infection; Infections; Laboratories; Meta-analysis; Pathogens; Pathology; Physical Examination; Physical Therapy Modalities; Questionnaires; Respiratory diseases; respiratory system; Return to Sport; Review; Serology; Systematic review
• ISSN: 0306-3674; 1473-0480
• DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104719

ObjectiveTo determine the days until return to sport (RTS) after acute respiratory illness (ARill), frequency of time loss after ARill resulting in >1 day lost from training/competition, and symptom duration (days) of ARill in athletes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, January 1990–July 2020.Eligibility criteriaOriginal research articles published in English on athletes/military recruits (15–65 years) with symptoms/diagnosis of an ARill and reporting any of the following: days until RTS after ARill, frequency (%) of time loss >1 day after ARill or symptom duration (days) of ARill.Results767 articles were identified; 54 were included (n=31 065 athletes). 4 studies reported days until RTS (range: 0–8.5 days). Frequency (%) of time loss >1 day after ARill was 20.4% (95% CI 15.3% to 25.4%). The mean symptom duration for all ARill was 7.1 days (95% CI 6.2 to 8.0). Results were similar between subgroups: pathological classification (acute respiratory infection (ARinf) vs undiagnosed ARill), anatomical classification (upper vs general ARill) or diagnostic method of ARinf (symptoms, physical examination, special investigations identifying pathogens).ConclusionsIn 80% of ARill in athletes, no days were lost from training/competition. The mean duration of ARill symptoms in athletes was 7 days. Outcomes were not influenced by pathological or anatomical classification of ARill, or in ARinf diagnosed by various methods. Current data are limited, and future studies with standardised approaches to definitions, diagnostic methods and classifications of ARill are needed to obtain detailed clinical, laboratory and specific pathogen data to inform RTS.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020160479.