Effects of whole grain intake on glycemic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Whole grains (WGs) may have various health benefits, including lowering blood glucose and improving insulin sensitivity. To conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of WGs compared with non-WGs on changes in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessmen...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 2023, Vol.63 (20), p.4351-4370
Main Authors: Li, Shixiang, Zong, Aizhen, An, Ran, Wang, Haiou, Liu, Lina, Liu, Jie, Guo, Xiaofei, Xu, Zhixiang, Wang, Jing, Li, Duo, Du, Fangling, Xu, Tongcheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Blood Glucose
Clinical trials
Consumption
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Fasting
Glucose
Glycated Hemoglobin
Grain
HbA1c
Hemoglobin
Heterogeneity
HOMA-IR
Homeostasis
Humans
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Laboratory testing
Meta-analysis
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Regression analysis
Sensitivity analysis
Subgroups
Whole Grains
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Whole grains (WGs) may have various health benefits, including lowering blood glucose and improving insulin sensitivity. To conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of WGs compared with non-WGs on changes in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A systematic literature search was performed for all published randomized controlled trials on the effects of WG intake on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR response up to February 2021. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated. Pre-specified subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses were explored to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and bias analysis were conducted to appraise study quality. Among 12,435 articles screened for eligibility, data were extracted from 48 articles. Meta-analysis of 4,118 participants showed that WG consumption resulted in a significant reduction in fasting glucose by −0.15 mmol/L, fasting insulin by −2.71 pmol/L, HbA1c by −0.44%, and HOMA-IR by −0.28, respectively. Compared with mixed grains, brown rice, and wheat, oats were significantly lower on marker of glycemic. Besides, multiple interventions per day consolidated effectiveness of WGs. WG consumption decreased the levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR compared with non-WG consumption. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2001429 .
ISSN:1040-8398
1549-7852
DOI:10.1080/10408398.2021.2001429