Impacts of Aegle marmelos fruit extract as a medicinal herb on growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses, digestive enzymes, and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Aegle marmelos fruit (AMF) extract on the growth performance, biochemical parameters, immune response, antioxidative capacity, and digestive enzyme activity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were fed a diet supplemented with AMF a...

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Published in:Fish & shellfish immunology 2022-01, Vol.120, p.402-410
Main Authors: Wangkahart, Eakapol, Wachiraamonloed, Suriyet, Lee, Po-Tsang, Subramani, Parasuraman Aiya, Qi, Zhitao, Wang, Bei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Active ingredients
Aegle - chemistry
Animal Feed - analysis
Animals
Antioxidants
Aquafeed industry
Bacterial challenge
Blood cholesterol
Cichlids - growth & development
Cichlids - immunology
Diet - veterinary
Dietary supplementation
Dietary Supplements - analysis
Disease Resistance
Fish Diseases - microbiology
Fruit - chemistry
Herbal medicines
Immunomodulator
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Plants, Medicinal - chemistry
Streptococcal Infections - veterinary
Streptococcus agalactiae
Sustainable aquaculture
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Qi, Zhitao
Wang, Bei
description An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Aegle marmelos fruit (AMF) extract on the growth performance, biochemical parameters, immune response, antioxidative capacity, and digestive enzyme activity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were fed a diet supplemented with AMF at concentrations of 0 (AMF0; control), 5 (AMF5), 10 (AMF10), 15 (AMF15), or 20 (AMF20) g/kg for 8 weeks. The results show that the final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were significantly higher in fish fed AMF15 and AMF20 compared to those fed the control diet (P 
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.015
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Fish were fed a diet supplemented with AMF at concentrations of 0 (AMF0; control), 5 (AMF5), 10 (AMF10), 15 (AMF15), or 20 (AMF20) g/kg for 8 weeks. The results show that the final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were significantly higher in fish fed AMF15 and AMF20 compared to those fed the control diet (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and non-specific immune responses were observed in groups fed AMF15 and AMF20. Interestingly, the level of cholesterol decreased with increasing AMF concentrations in the diet. As dietary AMF levels increased, digestive enzyme activities significantly improved. After the feeding trial, fish were injected intraperitoneally with Streptococcus agalactiae, and the 14-day cumulative mortality was calculated. A high survival rate after challenge with S. agalactiae was observed in all groups that received AMF-supplemented feed. Therefore, the present study suggests that supplementing the diet of Nile tilapia with AMF at a concentration of 20 g/kg could encourage their growth, improve their immunity and antioxidant status, and provide strong protection against S. agalactiae. •Dietary Aegle marmelos fruit extract (AMF) resulted in enhanced growth rate and feed intake in Nile tilapia.•Dietary AMF enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immune response of Nile tilapia.•Dietary AMF enhanced digestive enzyme activities in Nile tilapia.•Administration of AMF resulted in a high survival rate after the fish were challenged with S. agalactiae.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1050-4648</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9947</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.015</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34843944</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Active ingredients ; Aegle - chemistry ; Animal Feed - analysis ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Aquafeed industry ; Bacterial challenge ; Blood cholesterol ; Cichlids - growth &amp; development ; Cichlids - immunology ; Diet - veterinary ; Dietary supplementation ; Dietary Supplements - analysis ; Disease Resistance ; Fish Diseases - microbiology ; Fruit - chemistry ; Herbal medicines ; Immunomodulator ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal - chemistry ; Streptococcal Infections - veterinary ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Sustainable aquaculture</subject><ispartof>Fish &amp; shellfish immunology, 2022-01, Vol.120, p.402-410</ispartof><rights>2021</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021. 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Fish were fed a diet supplemented with AMF at concentrations of 0 (AMF0; control), 5 (AMF5), 10 (AMF10), 15 (AMF15), or 20 (AMF20) g/kg for 8 weeks. The results show that the final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were significantly higher in fish fed AMF15 and AMF20 compared to those fed the control diet (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and non-specific immune responses were observed in groups fed AMF15 and AMF20. Interestingly, the level of cholesterol decreased with increasing AMF concentrations in the diet. As dietary AMF levels increased, digestive enzyme activities significantly improved. After the feeding trial, fish were injected intraperitoneally with Streptococcus agalactiae, and the 14-day cumulative mortality was calculated. A high survival rate after challenge with S. agalactiae was observed in all groups that received AMF-supplemented feed. 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subjects Active ingredients
Aegle - chemistry
Animal Feed - analysis
Animals
Antioxidants
Aquafeed industry
Bacterial challenge
Blood cholesterol
Cichlids - growth & development
Cichlids - immunology
Diet - veterinary
Dietary supplementation
Dietary Supplements - analysis
Disease Resistance
Fish Diseases - microbiology
Fruit - chemistry
Herbal medicines
Immunomodulator
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Plants, Medicinal - chemistry
Streptococcal Infections - veterinary
Streptococcus agalactiae
Sustainable aquaculture
title Impacts of Aegle marmelos fruit extract as a medicinal herb on growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses, digestive enzymes, and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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