The Impact of Hazard Statement Design Elements in Procedures: Counterintuitive Findings and Implications for Standards

• Published in: Human factors 2023-11, Vol.65 (7), p.1361-1380
• Main Authors: Hendricks, Joseph W., Peres, S. Camille, Dumlao, Stefan V., Armstrong, Cara A., Neville, Timothy J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Consumer products; Design; Guidelines; Hazard mitigation
• ISSN: 0018-7208; 1547-8181
• DOI: 10.1177/00187208211050137

Objective The objective of these studies was to identify hazard statement (HS) design elements in procedures that affected whether both workers and lab participants performed the associated hazard mitigation. Background Many of the incidents in high-risk industries are the result of issues with procedures (e.g., standard operating procedures; SOPs) workers use to support their performance. HSs in these procedures are meant to communicate potential work hazards and methods of mitigating those hazards. However, there is little empirical research regarding whether current hazard design guidelines for consumer products translate to procedures. Method Two experimental studies—(1) a laboratory study and (2) a high-fidelity simulation—manipulated the HS design elements present in procedures participants used while performing tasks. Participants’ adherence to the mitigation of the hazard was compared for the HS designs. Results The guidelines for HSs from consumer products did not translate to procedures. Specifically, the presence of an alert icon, a box around the statement, and highlighting the statement did not improve adherence to HSs. Indeed, the only consistent finding was for the Icon, with its presence reliably predicting nonadherence in both studies. Additionally, the total number of design elements did not have a positive effect on adherence. Conclusion These findings indicate that more fundamental procedure HSs research is needed to identify effective designs as well as to understand the potential attentional mechanisms associated with these findings. Application The findings from these studies indicate that current regulations and guidelines should be revisited regarding hazard presentation in procedures.