Tumor‐derived exosomes: Key players in non‐small cell lung cancer metastasis and their implication for targeted therapy

Exosomes represent extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin ranging from 30 to 100 nm that are released by most of eukaryotic cells and can be found in body fluids. These vesicles in carrying DNA, RNA, microRNA (miRNA), Long noncoding RNA, proteins, and lipids serve as intercellular communicators....

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Published in:Molecular carcinogenesis 2022-03, Vol.61 (3), p.269-280
Main Authors: Rizwan, Maryam Noor, Ma, Yunxia, Nenkov, Miljana, Jin, Lai, Schröder, Desiree Charlotte, Westermann, Martin, Gaßler, Nikolaus, Chen, Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antitumor agents
Body fluids
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - metabolism
Drug resistance
exosome
Exosomes
Exosomes - metabolism
Humans
Lipids
Lung cancer
Lung Neoplasms - genetics
Mesenchyme
Metastases
Metastasis
microRNA
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
miRNA
Non-small cell lung carcinoma
Stroma
targeted therapy
the tumor microenvironment
Tumor cells
Tumor Microenvironment
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Summary:Exosomes represent extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin ranging from 30 to 100 nm that are released by most of eukaryotic cells and can be found in body fluids. These vesicles in carrying DNA, RNA, microRNA (miRNA), Long noncoding RNA, proteins, and lipids serve as intercellular communicators. Due to their role in crosstalk between tumor cells and mesenchymal stroma cells, they are vital for tumor growth, progression, and anticancer drug resistance. Lung cancer is a global leading cause of cancer‐related deaths with 5‐year survival rates of about 7% in patients with distant metastasis. Although the implementation of targeted therapy has improved the clinical outcome of nonsmall cell lung cancer, drug resistance remains a major obstacle. Lung tumor‐derived exosomes (TDEs) conveying molecular information from tumor cells to their neighbor cells or cells at distant sites of the body activate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and facilitate tumor metastasis. Exosomal miRNAs are also considered as noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung cancer. This review summarizes the influence of lung TDEs on the TME and metastasis. Their involvement in targeted therapy resistance and potential clinical applications are discussed. Additionally, challenges encountered in the development of exosome‐based therapeutic strategies are addressed.
ISSN:0899-1987
1098-2744
DOI:10.1002/mc.23378