Basal ganglia: From the bench to the bed

The basal ganglia (BG) encompass a set of archaic structures of the vertebrate brain that have evolved relatively little during the phylogenetic process. From an anatomic point of view, they are widely distributed throughout brain from the telencephalon to the mesencephalon. The fact that they have...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of paediatric neurology 2022-01, Vol.36, p.99-106
Main Authors: Burbaud, P., Courtin, E., Ribot, B., Guehl, D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Basal Ganglia
Brain
Cerebellum
Dystonia
Humans
Phylogeny
Physiology
Procedural learning
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Summary:The basal ganglia (BG) encompass a set of archaic structures of the vertebrate brain that have evolved relatively little during the phylogenetic process. From an anatomic point of view, they are widely distributed throughout brain from the telencephalon to the mesencephalon. The fact that they have been preserved through evolution suggests that they may play a critical role in behavioral monitoring. Indeed, a line of evidence suggests that they are involved in the building of behavioral routines and habits that drive most of our activities in everyday life. In this article, we first examine the organization and physiology of the basal ganglia to explain their function in the control of behavior. Then, we show how disruption of the putamen, and to a lesser extent of the cerebellum, might lead to various dystonic syndromes that frequently arise during childhood.
ISSN:1090-3798
1532-2130
DOI:10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.12.002