Periodontitis, Helicobacter pylori infection, and gastrointestinal tract cancer mortality

• Published in: Journal of clinical periodontology 2022-03, Vol.49 (3), p.210-220
• Main Authors: Sung, Cheng‐En, Lin, Fu‐Gong, Huang, Ren‐Yeong, Fang, Wen‐Hui, Cheng, Wan‐Chien, Tsai, Yi‐Wen Cathy, Chen, Wei‐Liang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal carcinoma; Gastric cancer; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - complications; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - epidemiology; Gastrointestinal tract; gastrointestinal tract cancer; Gum disease; Helicobacter Infections - complications; Helicobacter Infections - epidemiology; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Infections; Middle Aged; Mortality; Nutrition Surveys; Periodontitis; Periodontitis - complications; Population studies; Regression analysis; Risk Factors; Survival; Survival analysis; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0303-6979; 1600-051X
• DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13590

Aim Periodontitis has been proposed to lead to Helicobacter pylori infection, which could cause many gastrointestinal tract cancers. This study aimed to determine the association or otherwise between periodontitis and survival outcomes in individuals with respect to H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods The study population comprised 4955 subjects aged 20–90 who had received both periodontal examination and H. pylori serum test in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) database. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between periodontitis and H. pylori seropositivity (H. pylori infection). Survival analysis was performed using the NHANES III linked to mortality data. Cox proportional hazard regression was carried out to investigate the association between periodontitis and gastrointestinal tract cancer mortality in individuals with/without H. pylori infection. Results Compared to periodontal health, periodontitis was significantly associated with increased odds of H. pylori infection (OR = 1.271, 95% CI = 1.177–1.372). Periodontitis significantly increased the mortality risk from all causes (HR = 1.574, 95% CI = 1.327–1.866) and all cancers (HR = 1.948, 95% CI = 1.701–2.232), including gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancer (HR = 4.140, 95% CI = 3.656–4.687), gastric cancer (HR = 4.288, 95% CI = 3.969–4.632), and colorectal cancer (HR = 4.814, 95% CI = 3.849–6.020) in subjects with H. pylori infection after adjusting for health‐related factors. Periodontitis was significantly related to the decreased survival time in subjects with GI tract (p = .001) or colorectal cancer (p = .002) and H. pylori infection. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that periodontitis was significantly associated with higher mortality risk of GI tract, gastric, and colorectal cancer in subjects with H. pylori infection. Owing to an interactive effect between periodontitis and H. pylori infection on cancer mortality, H. pylori infection has a significant moderating effect in regulating the association between periodontitis and mortality due to all cancers, including GI tract cancer and colorectal cancer.