Neuropeptides as regulators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activity and their putative roles in stress-induced fertility disorders

Neuropeptides being regulators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, also affect the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by regulating gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from hypothalamic neurons. Here, we review the available data on how neur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuropeptides (Edinburgh) 2022-02, Vol.91, p.102216-102216, Article 102216
Main Authors: Gołyszny, Miłosz, Obuchowicz, Ewa, Zieliński, Michał
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Argipressin
Female
Fertility
Fertility disorders
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gonads - metabolism
HPA axis
HPG axis
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus - metabolism
Infertility
Infertility - metabolism
Kiss1 protein
Neuropeptides
Neuropeptides - metabolism
Oxytocin
Pituitary
Pituitary (anterior)
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Relaxin
Reviews
Stress
Stress, Psychological - metabolism
Vasopressin
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Summary:Neuropeptides being regulators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, also affect the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by regulating gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from hypothalamic neurons. Here, we review the available data on how neuropeptides affect HPG axis activity directly or indirectly via their influence on the HPA axis. The putative role of neuropeptides in stress-induced infertility, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, is also described. This review discusses both well-known neuropeptides (i.e., kisspeptin, Kp; oxytocin, OT; arginine-vasopressin, AVP) and more recently discovered peptides (i.e., relaxin-3, RLN-3; nesfatin-1, NEFA; phoenixin, PNX; spexin, SPX). For the first time, we present an up-to-date review of all published data regarding interactions between the aforementioned neuropeptide systems. The reviewed literature suggest new pathophysiological mechanisms leading to fertility disturbances that are induced by stress.
ISSN:0143-4179
1532-2785
DOI:10.1016/j.npep.2021.102216