A scoping review of intermittent fasting, chronobiology, and metabolism

Chronobiology plays a crucial role in modulating many physiologic systems in which there is nutritional synergism with meal timing. Given that intermittent fasting (IF) has grown as a flexible dietary method consisting of delayed or early eating windows, this scoping review addresses the effects of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 2022-04, Vol.115 (4), p.991-1004
Main Authors: Santos, Heitor O, Genario, Rafael, Tinsley, Grant M, Ribeiro, Poliana, Carteri, Randhall B, Coelho-Ravagnani, Christianne de Faria, Mota, João F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alternate-day fasting
Animal research
Animals
Biological clocks
Blood Glucose
Body weight loss
cardiovascular disease
chrononutrition
Circadian Rhythm
Circadian rhythms
Clinical nutrition
Clinical trials
diabetes
Diet
Eating
Fasting
Humans
intermittent fasting
Lipids
Meals - physiology
Metabolism
Nutrition
Nutrition therapy
obesity
Synergism
time-restricted eating
time-restricted feeding
Weight loss
Weight Loss - physiology
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Summary:Chronobiology plays a crucial role in modulating many physiologic systems in which there is nutritional synergism with meal timing. Given that intermittent fasting (IF) has grown as a flexible dietary method consisting of delayed or early eating windows, this scoping review addresses the effects of IF protocols on metabolism as they relate to clinical nutrition and the circadian system. Although nocturnal habits are associated with circadian misalignments and impaired cardiometabolic profile—and nutritional physiology is better orchestrated during the day—most findings are based on animal experiments or human studies with observational designs or acute meal tests. Well-controlled randomized clinical trials employing IF protocols of delayed or early eating windows have sometimes demonstrated clinical benefits, such as improved glycemic and lipid profiles, as well as weight loss. However, IF does not appear to be more effective than traditional diets at the group level, and its effects largely depend on energy restriction. Thus, efforts must be made to identify patient biological rhythms, preferences, routines, and medical conditions before individual dietary prescription in clinical practice.
ISSN:0002-9165
1938-3207
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqab433