Neuroendocrine mechanisms of reproductive dysfunctions in undernourished condition

It is well known that undernourished conditions disturb female reproductive functions in many species, including humans. These alterations are mainly caused by a reduction in gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. Evidence from the literature suggests that some hypot...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research 2022-03, Vol.48 (3), p.568-575
Main Authors: Iwasa, Takeshi, Yamamoto, Yuri, Noguchi, Hiroki, Takeda, Asuka, Minato, Saki, Kamada, Shuhei, Imaizumi, Junki, Kagawa, Tomohiro, Yoshida, Atsuko, Kawakita, Takako, Yoshida, Kanako
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anorexigenic factors
Energy balance
Feeding behavior
Female
Ghrelin
GnIH
GnRH
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Homeostasis
Homeostasis - physiology
Humans
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus - metabolism
Kiss1 protein
kisspeptin
Kisspeptins - physiology
Leptin
Neuropeptide Y
Neuropeptide Y - metabolism
Nutritional status
orexigenic factors
Orexins
Pituitary (anterior)
Proopiomelanocortin
Reproductive behavior
Satiety
Secretion
Species
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Summary:It is well known that undernourished conditions disturb female reproductive functions in many species, including humans. These alterations are mainly caused by a reduction in gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. Evidence from the literature suggests that some hypothalamic factors play pivotal roles in the coordination of reproductive functions and energy homeostasis in response to environmental cues and internal nutritional status. Generally, anorexigenic/satiety‐related factors, such as leptin, alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone, and proopiomelanocortin, promote GnRH secretion, whereas orexigenic factors, such as neuropeptide Y, agouti‐related protein, orexin, and ghrelin, attenuate GnRH secretion. Conversely, gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone, which exerts anti‐GnRH and gonadotrophic effects, promotes feeding behavior in many species. In addition, the activity of kisspeptin, which is a potent stimulator of GnRH, is reduced by undernourished conditions. Under normal nutritional conditions, these factors are coordinated to maintain both feeding behavior and reproductive functions. However, in undernourished conditions their activity levels are markedly altered to promote feeding behavior and temporarily suppress reproductive functions, in order to prioritize the survival of the individual over that of the species.
ISSN:1341-8076
1447-0756
DOI:10.1111/jog.15144