Promoter variation in a homeobox gene, CpDll, is associated with deeply lobed leaf in Cucurbita pepo L

• Published in: Theoretical and applied genetics 2022-04, Vol.135 (4), p.1223-1234
• Main Authors: Bo, Kailiang, Duan, Ying, Qiu, Xiyan, Zhang, Meng, Shu, Qin, Sun, Yapei, He, Yadi, Shi, Yuzi, Weng, Yiqun, Wang, Changlin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural research; Agriculture; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Comparative analysis; Cucurbita pepo; Development; Genetic aspects; Genetic variation; Homeobox; Homeobox genes; Homeotic genes; Inbreeding; Leaves; Leucine zipper proteins; Life Sciences; Marker-assisted selection; Original Article; Physiological aspects; Plant Biochemistry; Plant breeding; Plant Breeding/Biotechnology; Plant Genetics and Genomics; Plants; Promoters (Genetics); Quantitative trait loci; Sequence analysis; Structure-function relationships; Transcription factors; Variation; Zucchini
• ISSN: 0040-5752; 1432-2242
• DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-04026-3

Key message CpDll , encoding an HD-Zip I transcription factor, positively regulates formation of deeply lobed leaf shape in zucchini, Cucurbita pepo , which is associated with sequence variation in its promoter region. Leaf shape is an important horticultural trait in zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.). Deeply lobed leaves have potential advantages for high-density planting and hybrid production. However, little is known about the molecular basis of deeply lobed leaf formation in this important vegetable crop. Here, we conducted QTL analysis and fine mapping of the deeply lobed leaf ( CpDll ) locus using recombinant inbred lines and large F 2 populations developed from crosses between the deeply lobed leaf HM-S2, and entire leaf Jin-GL parental lines. We show that CpDll exhibited incomplete dominance for the deeply lobed leaf shape in HM-S2. Map-based cloning provided evidence that CpCll encodes a type I homeodomain (HD)- and Leu zipper (Zip) element-containing transcription factor. Sequence analysis between HM-S2 and Jin-GL revealed no sequence variations in the coding sequences, whereas a number of variations were identified in the promoter region between them. DUAL-LUC assays revealed significantly stronger promoter activity in HM-S2 than that in Jin-GL. There was also significantly higher expression of CpDll in the leaf base of deeply lobed leaves of HM-S2 compared with entire leaf Jin-GL. Comparative analysis of CpDll gene homologs in nine cucurbit crop species (family Cucurbitaceae) revealed conservation in both structure and function of this gene in regulation of deeply lobed leaf formation. Our work provides new insights into the molecular basis of leaf lobe formation in pumpkin/squash and other cucurbit crops. This work also facilitates marker-assisted selection for leaf shape in zucchini breeding.