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Examining adolescents’ obesogenic behaviors on structured days: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background The structured days hypothesis posits that ‘structured days’ (i.e., days with pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environments) reduce youth obesogenic behaviors. Structured days may be especially important for adolescents’, as adolescence (12–19 years) is a period of development...
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Published in: | International Journal of Obesity 2022-03, Vol.46 (3), p.466-475 |
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container_issue | 3 |
container_start_page | 466 |
container_title | International Journal of Obesity |
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creator | Zosel, Kristen Monroe, Courtney Hunt, Ethan Laflamme, Chantal Brazendale, Keith Weaver, R. Glenn |
description | Background
The structured days hypothesis posits that ‘structured days’ (i.e., days with pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environments) reduce youth obesogenic behaviors. Structured days may be especially important for adolescents’, as adolescence (12–19 years) is a period of developmental milestones and increased autonomy. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the relationship between structured days and adolescents’ obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, diet, screen time, and/or sleep).
Methods
From February to April of 2020, four databases (i.e., Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsychINfo) were searched for cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention (i.e., baseline data only) studies reporting obesogenic behaviors on more structured versus less structured days (i.e., weekday versus weekend or school year versus summer/holiday).
Results
A total of 42,878 unique titles and abstracts were screened with 2767 full-text articles retrieved. After review of full-text articles, 296 studies were identified (sleep
k
= 147, physical activity
k
= 88, screen time
k
= 81, diet
k
= 8). Most studies were conducted in North America, Europe & Central Asia, or East Asia & the Pacific used self-report measures and compared school days to weekend days. Meta-analyses indicated that adolescents’ physical activity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.25 [95%CI − 0.48, −0.03]) and screen time (SMD = −0.48 [95%CI − 0.66, −0.29]) were less healthy on less structured days. Differences did not reach statistical significance for sleep (SMD = −0.23 [95%CI − 0.48, 0.02]) and diet (SMD = −0.13 [95%CI − 0.77, 0.51]), however, sleep timing (SMD = −1.05 [95%CI − 1.31, −0.79]) and diet quantity (SMD = −0.29 [95%CI − 0.35, −0.23]) were less healthy on less structured days. The review identified studies with large heterogeneity.
Conclusions
Findings indicate that adolescents’ physical activity, screen time, sleep timing, and diet quantity are less healthy on less structured days. Interventions for adolescents to prevent and treat obesity may be more successful if they are designed to target times that are less structured. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41366-021-01040-9 |
format | article |
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The structured days hypothesis posits that ‘structured days’ (i.e., days with pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environments) reduce youth obesogenic behaviors. Structured days may be especially important for adolescents’, as adolescence (12–19 years) is a period of developmental milestones and increased autonomy. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the relationship between structured days and adolescents’ obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, diet, screen time, and/or sleep).
Methods
From February to April of 2020, four databases (i.e., Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsychINfo) were searched for cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention (i.e., baseline data only) studies reporting obesogenic behaviors on more structured versus less structured days (i.e., weekday versus weekend or school year versus summer/holiday).
Results
A total of 42,878 unique titles and abstracts were screened with 2767 full-text articles retrieved. After review of full-text articles, 296 studies were identified (sleep
k
= 147, physical activity
k
= 88, screen time
k
= 81, diet
k
= 8). Most studies were conducted in North America, Europe & Central Asia, or East Asia & the Pacific used self-report measures and compared school days to weekend days. Meta-analyses indicated that adolescents’ physical activity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.25 [95%CI − 0.48, −0.03]) and screen time (SMD = −0.48 [95%CI − 0.66, −0.29]) were less healthy on less structured days. Differences did not reach statistical significance for sleep (SMD = −0.23 [95%CI − 0.48, 0.02]) and diet (SMD = −0.13 [95%CI − 0.77, 0.51]), however, sleep timing (SMD = −1.05 [95%CI − 1.31, −0.79]) and diet quantity (SMD = −0.29 [95%CI − 0.35, −0.23]) were less healthy on less structured days. The review identified studies with large heterogeneity.
Conclusions
Findings indicate that adolescents’ physical activity, screen time, sleep timing, and diet quantity are less healthy on less structured days. Interventions for adolescents to prevent and treat obesity may be more successful if they are designed to target times that are less structured.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0307-0565</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5497</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01040-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34987203</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/499 ; 692/700/478 ; Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adult ; Autonomy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Developmental stages ; Diet ; Epidemiology ; Exercise ; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention ; Heterogeneity ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Meta-analysis ; Metabolic Diseases ; Physical activity ; Public Health ; Review Article ; Reviews ; Schools ; Screen Time ; Sleep ; Systematic review ; Teenagers</subject><ispartof>International Journal of Obesity, 2022-03, Vol.46 (3), p.466-475</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-ba629099180774f4759dd11f57025ff72c873ee428f7f7a869a3763416fb10253</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-ba629099180774f4759dd11f57025ff72c873ee428f7f7a869a3763416fb10253</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5889-974X ; 0000-0003-3388-5370</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34987203$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zosel, Kristen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Monroe, Courtney</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunt, Ethan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laflamme, Chantal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brazendale, Keith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weaver, R. Glenn</creatorcontrib><title>Examining adolescents’ obesogenic behaviors on structured days: a systematic review and meta-analysis</title><title>International Journal of Obesity</title><addtitle>Int J Obes</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Obes (Lond)</addtitle><description>Background
The structured days hypothesis posits that ‘structured days’ (i.e., days with pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environments) reduce youth obesogenic behaviors. Structured days may be especially important for adolescents’, as adolescence (12–19 years) is a period of developmental milestones and increased autonomy. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the relationship between structured days and adolescents’ obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, diet, screen time, and/or sleep).
Methods
From February to April of 2020, four databases (i.e., Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsychINfo) were searched for cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention (i.e., baseline data only) studies reporting obesogenic behaviors on more structured versus less structured days (i.e., weekday versus weekend or school year versus summer/holiday).
Results
A total of 42,878 unique titles and abstracts were screened with 2767 full-text articles retrieved. After review of full-text articles, 296 studies were identified (sleep
k
= 147, physical activity
k
= 88, screen time
k
= 81, diet
k
= 8). Most studies were conducted in North America, Europe & Central Asia, or East Asia & the Pacific used self-report measures and compared school days to weekend days. Meta-analyses indicated that adolescents’ physical activity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.25 [95%CI − 0.48, −0.03]) and screen time (SMD = −0.48 [95%CI − 0.66, −0.29]) were less healthy on less structured days. Differences did not reach statistical significance for sleep (SMD = −0.23 [95%CI − 0.48, 0.02]) and diet (SMD = −0.13 [95%CI − 0.77, 0.51]), however, sleep timing (SMD = −1.05 [95%CI − 1.31, −0.79]) and diet quantity (SMD = −0.29 [95%CI − 0.35, −0.23]) were less healthy on less structured days. The review identified studies with large heterogeneity.
Conclusions
Findings indicate that adolescents’ physical activity, screen time, sleep timing, and diet quantity are less healthy on less structured days. Interventions for adolescents to prevent and treat obesity may be more successful if they are designed to target times that are less structured.</description><subject>692/499</subject><subject>692/700/478</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Autonomy</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Developmental stages</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Health Promotion and Disease Prevention</subject><subject>Heterogeneity</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Physical activity</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Review Article</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Screen Time</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><issn>0307-0565</issn><issn>1476-5497</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90TtuFTEUBmALgcglsAEKZImGxnD8HtOhKDykSDRQW54Z-zLRjB18ZgK3Yxtsj5XgcANIFFQu_J3fj5-Qxxyec5DdC1RcGsNAcAYcFDB3h-y4soZp5exdsgMJloE2-oQ8QLwEAK1B3CcnUrnOCpA7sj__GpYpT3lPw1jmiEPMK_749p2WPmLZxzwNtI-fwvVUKtKSKa51G9atxpGO4YAvaaB4wDUuYW20xuspfqEhj3SJa2Ahh_mAEz4k91KYMT66XU_Jx9fnH87esov3b96dvbpgg7R6ZX0wwoFzvANrVVJWu3HkPGkLQqdkxdBZGaMSXbLJhs64IK2RipvU80bkKXl2zL2q5fMWcfXL1N40zyHHsqEXhlthDYBp9Ok_9LJstd33RkmhrZZGNiWOaqgFscbkr-q0hHrwHPxNDf5Yg281-F81eNeGntxGb_0Sxz8jv_-9AXkE2LbyPta_Z_8n9ie9CZM-</recordid><startdate>20220301</startdate><enddate>20220301</enddate><creator>Zosel, Kristen</creator><creator>Monroe, Courtney</creator><creator>Hunt, Ethan</creator><creator>Laflamme, Chantal</creator><creator>Brazendale, Keith</creator><creator>Weaver, R. Glenn</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-974X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-5370</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220301</creationdate><title>Examining adolescents’ obesogenic behaviors on structured days: a systematic review and meta-analysis</title><author>Zosel, Kristen ; Monroe, Courtney ; Hunt, Ethan ; Laflamme, Chantal ; Brazendale, Keith ; Weaver, R. Glenn</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-ba629099180774f4759dd11f57025ff72c873ee428f7f7a869a3763416fb10253</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>692/499</topic><topic>692/700/478</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Autonomy</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Developmental stages</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Health Promotion and Disease Prevention</topic><topic>Heterogeneity</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Physical activity</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Review Article</topic><topic>Reviews</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Screen Time</topic><topic>Sleep</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zosel, Kristen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Monroe, Courtney</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunt, Ethan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laflamme, Chantal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brazendale, Keith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weaver, R. Glenn</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (ProQuest Medical & Health Databases)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database (ProQuest Medical & Health Databases)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology Journals</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International Journal of Obesity</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zosel, Kristen</au><au>Monroe, Courtney</au><au>Hunt, Ethan</au><au>Laflamme, Chantal</au><au>Brazendale, Keith</au><au>Weaver, R. Glenn</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Examining adolescents’ obesogenic behaviors on structured days: a systematic review and meta-analysis</atitle><jtitle>International Journal of Obesity</jtitle><stitle>Int J Obes</stitle><addtitle>Int J Obes (Lond)</addtitle><date>2022-03-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>466</spage><epage>475</epage><pages>466-475</pages><issn>0307-0565</issn><eissn>1476-5497</eissn><abstract>Background
The structured days hypothesis posits that ‘structured days’ (i.e., days with pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environments) reduce youth obesogenic behaviors. Structured days may be especially important for adolescents’, as adolescence (12–19 years) is a period of developmental milestones and increased autonomy. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the relationship between structured days and adolescents’ obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, diet, screen time, and/or sleep).
Methods
From February to April of 2020, four databases (i.e., Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsychINfo) were searched for cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention (i.e., baseline data only) studies reporting obesogenic behaviors on more structured versus less structured days (i.e., weekday versus weekend or school year versus summer/holiday).
Results
A total of 42,878 unique titles and abstracts were screened with 2767 full-text articles retrieved. After review of full-text articles, 296 studies were identified (sleep
k
= 147, physical activity
k
= 88, screen time
k
= 81, diet
k
= 8). Most studies were conducted in North America, Europe & Central Asia, or East Asia & the Pacific used self-report measures and compared school days to weekend days. Meta-analyses indicated that adolescents’ physical activity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.25 [95%CI − 0.48, −0.03]) and screen time (SMD = −0.48 [95%CI − 0.66, −0.29]) were less healthy on less structured days. Differences did not reach statistical significance for sleep (SMD = −0.23 [95%CI − 0.48, 0.02]) and diet (SMD = −0.13 [95%CI − 0.77, 0.51]), however, sleep timing (SMD = −1.05 [95%CI − 1.31, −0.79]) and diet quantity (SMD = −0.29 [95%CI − 0.35, −0.23]) were less healthy on less structured days. The review identified studies with large heterogeneity.
Conclusions
Findings indicate that adolescents’ physical activity, screen time, sleep timing, and diet quantity are less healthy on less structured days. Interventions for adolescents to prevent and treat obesity may be more successful if they are designed to target times that are less structured.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>34987203</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41366-021-01040-9</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-974X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-5370</orcidid></addata></record> |
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source | Springer Nature; Nature; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | 692/499 692/700/478 Adolescent Adolescents Adult Autonomy Cross-Sectional Studies Developmental stages Diet Epidemiology Exercise Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Heterogeneity Humans Internal Medicine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Meta-analysis Metabolic Diseases Physical activity Public Health Review Article Reviews Schools Screen Time Sleep Systematic review Teenagers |
title | Examining adolescents’ obesogenic behaviors on structured days: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
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