n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis in obesity: Potential relationship with gut microbiota

• Published in: Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and essential fatty acids leukotrienes and essential fatty acids, 2022-02, Vol.177, p.102388-102388, Article 102388
• Main Authors: Zapata, J, Gallardo, A, Romero, C, Valenzuela, R, Garcia-Diaz, DF, Duarte, L, Bustamante, A, Gasaly, N, Gotteland, M, Echeverria, F
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adipose Tissue, Brown - metabolism; Adipose Tissue, White - metabolism; Brown adipose tissue; Browning; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism; Fish oil; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gut microbiota; Humans; N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; Non-shivering thermogenesis; Obesity - metabolism; Thermogenesis
• ISSN: 0952-3278; 1532-2823
• DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102388

•N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake regulates energy expenditure.•N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake modifies gut microbiota composition.•Gut microbiota has a crucial role in regulating energy expenditure and metabolism. Background: Obesity is a worldwide public health problem characterized by fat tissue accumulation, favouring adipose tissue and metabolic alterations. Increasing energy expenditure (EE) through brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning has gained relevance as a therapeutic approach. Different bioactive compounds, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), have been shown to induce those thermogenic effects. This process is regulated by the gut microbiota as well. Nevertheless, obesity is characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis, which can be restored by weight loss and n-3 PUFA intake, among other factors. Knowledge gap: However, the role of the gut microbiota on the n-3 PUFA effect in inducing thermogenesis in obesity has not been fully elucidated. Objective: This review aims to elucidate the potential implications of this interrelation on WAT browning adiposw sittue (BAT), BAT activity, and EE regulation in obesity models. . N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis in obesity: Potential relationship with gut microbiota. A. Effect of a diet high in n-3 PUFA and with a low n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in adipose tissue and GM. B. Effect of a western diet with a high n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in adipose tissue and GM. C. GM composition and function regulation as a mediator of the thermogenic and browning adipose tissue effect of n-3 PUFA. GM, gut microbiota; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; N, normal or maintained; ↓, lower or decrease; ↑, higher or increase; ⊘, impaired or dysregulated. [Display omitted]