Quantitative modelling of Ostracod bioassay: assigning toxicity index to potentially chemical contaminated swimming pools

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2022-05, Vol.29 (21), p.31075-31084
• Main Authors: Onwurah, Arinze I., Oje, Obinna A., Okpashi, Victor, Udebuani, Angela C., Ugwu, Chidiebere E., Onwurah, Ikechukwu N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Bioassays; Biological Assay - methods; Biomarkers; Chemical pollution; Contamination; Crude oil; Crustacea; Dilution; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Free radicals; Growth factors; Hazardous materials; Mathematical models; Mixtures; Mortality; Oxidative stress; Public health; Quality assessment; Reagents; Recreation; Research Article; Soil contamination; Soil water; Swimming Pools; Toxic substances; Toxicity; Toxicity Tests - methods; Waste Water Technology; Water; Water analysis; Water Management; Water pollution; Water Pollution Control; Water sampling
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17913-5

One of the primary objectives of any public health programme is to design a protocol that will curtail a population from being predisposed to toxic substances in the environment. Biomarkers help in actualising such an objective by their potential to detect the presence of toxic substances in environmental media such as soil, water and air. The Ostracod Heterocypris incongruens , an already established biomarker for quality evaluation of freshwater, does not quantify toxicity. This work was aimed at modelling Ostracod bioassay as a quantitative whole-water toxicity assay (QWTA) for the determination of potentially chemical contaminated swimming pools. In this modelling approach, a pool water sample was deliberately contaminated with a mixture of Fenton reagent (FR) and Bonny light (BL) crude oil. The mechanism of toxic injury of this mixture is via oxidative stress-mediated superoxide ion and other free radicals. The mortalities and growth factors of the exposed freshly hatched Ostracods to the serial dilutions of the contaminated swimming pool water sample for 6 days were mathematically modelled to toxicity indices (Ti), which were used to construct the toxicity reference curve (TRC). A graph of the “toxic concentrations” of the serially diluted contaminated pool water sample against Ostracod mortality was plotted. The TRC and the linear graph constitute the “Ostracod-linked mathematical model”. Against the reference mortality ≤ 20% of the Ostracods, the toxicity index based on the model prediction is ≤ 32.5, and this signifies “no observed toxic effect” for toxicity values below 32.5 units. Using this model, toxicity indices were calculated for 5 randomly selected swimming pools in the study area. The results showed that the outdoor pool SP 5 has a toxic index of 49.0, while outdoor pools SP 2 and SP 3 each has a toxic index of 42.5. The indoor swimming pool (SP 4) and Standard water (control) have zero toxicity, thus suggesting that that the outdoor pools SP 2, SP 3 and SP 5 were possibly contaminated by chemicals from extraneous sources while contamination of SP 1 was very much negligible, hence the “no observed toxic effect”.