The CT and PET/CT findings in primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma with pathological correlation: a study of 215 cases

• Published in: Clinical radiology 2022-03, Vol.77 (3), p.e201-e207
• Main Authors: Lei, Y., Zhou, J., Liu, J., Xia, X., Wang, P., Peng, Y., Xie, X., Liao, Y., Wan, Q., Li, X.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - blood supply; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - diagnostic imaging; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - virology; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 - pharmacokinetics; Herpesvirus 4, Human - genetics; Humans; Lung Neoplasms - blood supply; Lung Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Lung Neoplasms - pathology; Lung Neoplasms - virology; Lymph Nodes - diagnostic imaging; Lymph Nodes - pathology; Male; Mediastinum - diagnostic imaging; Middle Aged; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography - statistics & numerical data; Radiopharmaceuticals - pharmacokinetics; Retrospective Studies; RNA, Small Interfering - analysis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - statistics & numerical data
• ISSN: 0009-9260; 1365-229X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.10.010

To investigate the computed tomography (CT) and integrated positron-emission tomography (PET)/CT findings of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC). The imaging and histopathological data of 215 patients with PLELC confirmed at histopathology were analysed retrospectively. All patients underwent CT, and 70 underwent PET/CT. None of the cohort had nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. The PLELC was demonstrated as a solitary nodule/mass in 188 cases (188/215, 87%), multiple nodules/masses in 12 cases (12/215, 6%), lobar or segmental consolidation in 15 cases (15/215, 7%). The tumour showed a well-defined margin in 171 cases (171/215, 80%), lobular sign in 177 cases (177/215, 82%), and spicule sign in 91 cases (91/215, 42%). Most of the cases showed homogeneous density in unenhanced CT (128/215, 60%), and vascular shadows inside the tumour in the arterial stage were found in 105 cases (105/158, 66%). Involvement of the bronchus was found in 154 cases (154/215, 72%). Hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes were enlarged in 160 patients (160/215, 74%). Seventy cases demonstrated avid 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake on PET/CT. The range of maximum standardised uptake values (SUVmax) was 2.1–28.5 (14 ± 5.93). Microscopic pathological classification of 124 resected specimens included 87 cases of the Regaud type and 37 cases of the Schmincke type. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) was positive in all 215 cases. PLELC should be suspected when a large, lobulate, well-defined lung tumour with homogeneous density, vascular encasement, and high 18F-FDG uptake is found. Moreover, EBERs are helpful in patients with suspected PLELC. •Primary PLELC is a rare malignant neoplasm that could easily be misdiagnosed.•This is the largest primary PLELC cohort focusing on imaging findings.•Its imaging findings include single/multiple masses/nodules and consolidation.•Homogeneous density and vascular encasement are common imaging features.