Correlations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, neurocognitive tests, and resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are highly prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) despite successful treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). HAND pathogenesis is complex and definitive surrogate biomarkers are not clearly defined. Brain function has been assessed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neurovirology 2022-04, Vol.28 (2), p.226-235
Main Authors: Barco, A., Orlando, S., Stroffolini, G., Pirriatore, V., Lazzaro, A., Vai, D., Guastamacchia, G., Noce, G., Atzori, C., Trunfio, M., Bonora, S., Di Perri, G., Calcagno, A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Neurology
Neurosciences
Virology
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Summary:HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are highly prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) despite successful treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). HAND pathogenesis is complex and definitive surrogate biomarkers are not clearly defined. Brain function has been assessed through the evaluation of cortical source rhythms with delta waves associated with neurological impairment. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between EEG cortical sources, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and neurocognitive tests in PLWH with HAND. PLWH with HAND without significant comorbidities were enrolled. Baseline rsEEG-LORETA waves, CSF biomarkers (t-tau, p-tau, β-amiloid 42 , neopterin, S100β), and neurocognitive tests were correlated and compared through non-parametric tests (Spearman’s rho and Mann–Whitney); data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges). Fifty-four patients were enrolled. Median time of suppressed HIV-RNA and CD4 + T-lymphocyte were 10 years (5.5–15) and 691/uL (477–929). Thirty-nine participants (72%) underwent CSF collection: abnormal biomarkers were found in a small percentage. Only neopterin showed a statistically significant correlation with delta activity [parietal (rho 0.579; p   1.5 ng/mL) with significantly higher delta source activity compared to the ones with in-range concentrations. We observed a statistically significant correlation between working memory test Trail Making B with both CSF neopterin levels and delta waves ( p values 
ISSN:1355-0284
1538-2443
DOI:10.1007/s13365-021-01047-y