Papilledema: A Review of the Pathophysiology, Imaging Findings, and Mimics

Increased intracranial pressure is the most common cause of papilledema. Multiple etiologies such as cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, space occupying lesions, infection, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension among others should be considered. Imaging plays a critical role in the detection of pathol...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 2022-08, Vol.73 (3), p.557-567
Main Authors: Guarnizo, Angela, Albreiki, Danah, Cruz, Juan Pablo, Létourneau-Guillon, Laurent, Iancu, Dana, Torres, Carlos
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Edema
Etiology
Hydrocephalus
Hypertension
Intracranial pressure
Medical imaging
Optic nerve
Swelling
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Summary:Increased intracranial pressure is the most common cause of papilledema. Multiple etiologies such as cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, space occupying lesions, infection, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension among others should be considered. Imaging plays a critical role in the detection of pathologies that can cause papilledema. MRI with contrast and CE-MRV, in particular, are key for the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. This review will focus in common and infrequent causes of papilledema, the role of imaging in patients with papilledema as well as its potential mimickers.
ISSN:0846-5371
1488-2361
DOI:10.1177/08465371211061660