Enhanced Responsive Formation of Extracellular Traps in Macrophages Previously Exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis

Tolerance is defined to be a hyporesponsive state following repeated stimulations with bacteria or their virulence factors and has potential impacts on the development of periodontitis. Recently, macrophages have been reported to release chromatin and antimicrobial peptides to form extracellular tra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Inflammation 2022-06, Vol.45 (3), p.1174-1185
Main Authors: Liu, Yu-jie, Chen, Jia-lu, Fu, Zi-bo, Wang, Yue, Cao, Xian-zi, Sun, Ying
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antimicrobial peptides
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Calcium (intracellular)
Chromatin
Confocal microscopy
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Extracellular Traps - metabolism
Flow cytometry
Fluorescence microscopy
Immunology
Internal Medicine
Intracellular
Macrophages
Macrophages - metabolism
Mice
Microscopy
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases - metabolism
Original Article
Pathology
Periodontitis
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Phosphorylation
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Rheumatology
Traps
Virulence factors
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Summary:Tolerance is defined to be a hyporesponsive state following repeated stimulations with bacteria or their virulence factors and has potential impacts on the development of periodontitis. Recently, macrophages have been reported to release chromatin and antimicrobial peptides to form extracellular traps upon bacterial or chemical stimulations. Thus, we explored the roles and mechanisms of tolerance induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis ) in macrophage extracellular traps (METs). Tolerance in peritoneal macrophages from mice was triggered by repeated P. gingivalis stimulation. METs were observed using fluorescence microscopy, and the levels of extracellular DNA were determined by microplate reader assays. The expression of p-RAF, p-MEK, and p-ERK was examined by Western blot, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was explored using flow cytometry. Moreover, the levels of intracellular Ca 2+ were also determined by confocal microscopy to identify the possible mechanisms related to the changes in METs in P. gingivalis –pretreated macrophages. Repeated P. gingivalis stimulation contributed to the formation of METs and increased levels of extracellular DNA ( p  
ISSN:0360-3997
1573-2576
DOI:10.1007/s10753-021-01611-y