Biomedical applications of polysaccharide nanoparticles for chronic inflammatory disorders: Focus on rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and organ fibrosis

Polysaccharides are biopolymers distinguished by their complex secondary structures executing various roles in microorganisms, plants, and animals. They are made up of long monomers of similar type or as a combination of other monomeric chains. Polysaccharides are considered superior as compared to...

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Published in:Carbohydrate polymers 2022-04, Vol.281, p.118923-118923, Article 118923
Main Authors: Allawadhi, Prince, Singh, Vishakha, Govindaraj, Kannan, Khurana, Isha, Sarode, Lopmudra P., Navik, Umashanker, Banothu, Anil Kumar, Weiskirchen, Ralf, Bharani, Kala Kumar, Khurana, Amit
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Arthritis
Arthritis, Rheumatoid - drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus
Drug delivery
Drug Delivery Systems
Fibrosis
Inflammation
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles - chemistry
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides - chemistry
Polysaccharides - therapeutic use
Starch
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Summary:Polysaccharides are biopolymers distinguished by their complex secondary structures executing various roles in microorganisms, plants, and animals. They are made up of long monomers of similar type or as a combination of other monomeric chains. Polysaccharides are considered superior as compared to other polymers due to their diversity in charge and size, biodegradability, abundance, bio-compatibility, and less toxicity. These natural polymers are widely used in designing of nanoparticles (NPs) which possess wide applications in therapeutics, diagnostics, delivery and protection of bioactive compounds or drugs. The side chain reactive groups of polysaccharides are advantageous for functionalization with nanoparticle-based conjugates or therapeutic agents such as small molecules, proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. Polysaccharide NPs show excellent pharmacokinetic and drug delivery properties, facilitate improved oral absorption, control the release of drugs, increases in vivo retention capability, targeted delivery, and exert synergistic effects. This review updates the usage of polysaccharides based NPs particularly cellulose, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, dextran, starch, cyclodextrins, pullulan, and their combinations with promising applications in diabetes, organ fibrosis and arthritis. [Display omitted]
ISSN:0144-8617
1879-1344
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118923