Leishmania diversity in bats from an endemic area for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in Southeastern Brazil

• Published in: Acta tropica 2022-04, Vol.228, p.106327-106327, Article 106327
• Main Authors: Vieira, Thallyta Maria, Silva, Soraia de Oliveira, Lima, Luciana, Sabino-Santos, Gilberto, Duarte, Eduardo Robson, Lima, Sabrina Miranda, Pereira, Agnes Antônia Sampaio, Ferreira, Francisco C., de Araújo, Walter Santos, Teixeira, Marta Maria Geraldes, Ursine, Renata Luiz, Gontijo, Célia Maria Ferreira, Melo, Maria Norma
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Brazil - epidemiology; Chiroptera; Chiroptera - parasitology; Interaction networks; Leishmania infantum - classification; Leishmania infantum - genetics; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - epidemiology; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - veterinary; Leishmaniasis, Visceral - epidemiology; Leishmaniasis, Visceral - parasitology; Leishmaniasis, Visceral - veterinary; One health; Phylogeny; SSU rRNA; SSUrRNA; Trypanosomatids
• ISSN: 0001-706X; 1873-6254
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106327

•Between April 2014 to April 2015, 247 bats were captured in the municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.•The overall infection rate of Leishmania spp. in bats was 4.4% (11/247).•Of the 11 bats infected, eight were of the Artibeus planirostris species.•Phylogenetic analysis classified the isolates from bats as: Leishmania (Viannia) sp., L. (L.) infantum, L. (L.) amazonensis.•This is the first record of the bat Artibeus cinereus as a host of L. (L.) amazonensis. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of Leishmania infection in bats in urban and wild areas in an endemic municipality for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Between April 2014 to April 2015, 247 bats were captured and classified into 26 species belonging to Phyllostomidae (90.7%), Vespertilionidae (8.1%) and Molossidae (1.2%) families. Blood samples from 247 bats were collected and submitted to nested-PCR, targeting the variable V7-V8 region of the SSU rRNA gene, followed by sequencing of the PCR product. The overall infection rate of Leishmania spp. in bats was 4.4%. Of the eleven bats infected, ten were frugivorous bats: Artibeus planirostris (8/11), Artibeus lituratus (1/11) and Artibeus cinereus (1/11) and one a nectarivorous bat (Glossophaga soricina). None of the individuals exhibited macroscopic alterations in the skin, spleen or liver. Phylogenetic analysis separated Leishmania species in clades corresponding to the subgenera Viannia, Leishmania, and Mundinia, and supported that the isolates characterized in the present study clustered closely with Leishmania (Viannia) sp., Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Here we report for the first time the bat Artibeus cinereus as a host of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. In the study we found that the mean abundance of bats did not differ in wild habitats and urban areas and that bat-parasite interactions were similarly distributed in the two environments. On the other hand, further studies should be conducted in more recent times to verify whether there have been changes in these parameters.