A porous molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for specific determination of bisphenol S from human serum and bottled water samples in femtomolar level

• Published in: Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2022-03, Vol.414 (8), p.2775-2785
• Main Authors: Kaya, S. Irem, Corman, M. Emin, Uzun, Lokman, Ozkan, Sibel A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analytical Chemistry; Biochemistry; Bisphenol A; Bottled water; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemical sensors; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Drinking Water; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Electrochemical Techniques - methods; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Food Science; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Fourier transforms; Glassy carbon; Humans; Impedance spectroscopy; Imprinted polymers; Infrared analysis; Infrared spectroscopy; Laboratory Medicine; Limit of Detection; Methods; Molecular Imprinting; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Phenols; Photopolymerization; Polymers; Porosity; Properties; Reproducibility of Results; Research Paper; Scanning electron microscopy; Scanning microscopy; Selectivity; Sensitivity; Sensors; Spectrum analysis; Structure; Sulfones; Tyrosine; Voltammetry; Water analysis; Water sampling
• ISSN: 1618-2642; 1618-2650
• DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03928-5

In this study, a porous molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was successfully fabricated for the selective assay of bisphenol S (BPS) by introducing N-methacryloyl- l tyrosine functional monomer. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)–based sensor (MA-Tyr@MIP/GCE) was prepared via photopolymerization on the glassy carbon electrode and subsequently characterized by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The analytical performance of the sensor was evaluated via CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. Under the optimized conditions, the rebinding experiment demonstrated that the peak current of the porous MIP-based sensor obviously decreased with the increase of BPS concentration in the concentration range of 1–10 fM. Therefore, the detection limit was determined as 0.171 fM. It should be underlined that MA-Tyr@MIP/GCE exhibited high sensitivity and excellent selectivity because MA-TyrMA-Tyr@MIP/GCE sensor has a higher imprinting factor (IF) toward BPS in respect to competitive analogs, i.e., bisphenol A, bisphenol B, and bisphenol F. The practical application of the sensor also showed good reproducibility and stability for the detection of BPS in human serum and water samples. These results showed MA-Tyr@MIP/GCE successfully applied for the selective recognition of BPS in biological and water samples with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity. Graphical abstract