Canonical phospholipase D isoforms in visual function and ocular response to stress

• Published in: Experimental eye research 2022-04, Vol.217, p.108976-108976, Article 108976
• Main Authors: Bermúdez, Vicente, Tenconi, Paula E., Giusto, Norma M., Mateos, Melina V.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Eye - metabolism; Inflammation; Lipid signaling; Ocular surface; Oxidative stress; Phosphatidic acid (PA); Phosphatidic Acids - metabolism; Phospholipase D (PLD); Phospholipase D - metabolism; Phototransduction; Protein Isoforms - metabolism; Retina; Retinal degeneration; Retinal pigment epithelium; Signal Transduction
• ISSN: 0014-4835; 1096-0007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108976

Classical phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms, PLD1 and PLD2, catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA) which can be further dephosphorylated to diacylglycerol (DAG). Through the generation of these lipid messengers, the PLD pathway can modulate several cellular events, such as proliferation, membrane trafficking, autophagy and the inflammatory response, among many others. This review summarizes the participation of canonical PLD isoforms in physiological and pathological responses in the eye. Although the role of the PLD pathway in ocular and retinal response to stress has not been fully elucidated, pharmacological inhibition of these signaling enzymes seems to be a promising therapeutic tool to avoid inflammatory processes in the retina, abnormal cellular proliferation on the ocular surface and pathological neovascularization. On the contrary, the modulation of classical PLDs may potentiate corneal healing. In summary, the knowledge of the role of PLD1 and PLD2 in the molecular basis of ocular inflammatory and degenerative diseases opens new avenues for potential therapeutic exploration. •Through the generation of PA and DAG, PLDs can modulate several cellular events.•We summarize the role of PLDs in physiological and pathological responses in the eye.•PLDs modulate phototrasduction, light sensitivity and vesicular trafficking in PR.•PLDs mediate the inflammatory response and the autophagic process in RPE cells.•PLDs mediate cell migration and wound healing in the ocular surface.