Short-term effects and economic burden assessment of ambient air pollution on hospitalizations for schizophrenia

The evidence on the health and economic impacts of air pollution with schizophrenia is scarce, especially in developing countries. In this study, we aimed to systemically examine the short-term effects of PM 2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter), PM 10 (≤ 10 μm in diameter), NO 2 (nitrogen d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2022-06, Vol.29 (30), p.45449-45460
Main Authors: Ji, Yanhu, Liu, Bin, Song, Jian, Pan, Rubing, Cheng, Jian, Wang, Heng, Su, Hong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air pollution
Air pollution control
Air quality
Air quality standards
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Carbon monoxide
Cost analysis
Developing countries
Earth and Environmental Science
Economic impact
Economic models
Economics
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Exposure
Impact analysis
LDCs
Mental disorders
Nitrogen dioxide
Outdoor air quality
Particulate emissions
Particulate matter
Patient admissions
Pollutants
Research Article
Risk assessment
Schizophrenia
Sulfur
Sulfur dioxide
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:The evidence on the health and economic impacts of air pollution with schizophrenia is scarce, especially in developing countries. In this study, we aimed to systemically examine the short-term effects of PM 2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter), PM 10 (≤ 10 μm in diameter), NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide), SO 2 (sulfur dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), and O 3 (ozone) on hospital admissions for schizophrenia in a Chinese coastal city (Qingdao) and to further assess the corresponding attributable risk and economic burden. A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to model the impact of air pollution on schizophrenia, and the corresponding economic burden including the direct costs (medical expenses) and indirect costs (productivity loss). Stratified analyses were also performed by age, gender, and season (warm or cold). Our results showed that for a 10 μg/m 3 increase in the concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , and CO at lag5, the corresponding relative risks (RRs) were 1.0160 (95% CI: 1.0038–1.0282), 1.0097 (1.0018–1.0177), 1.0738 (1.0222–1.01280), and 1.0013 (1.0001–1.0026), respectively. However, no significant effect of NO 2 or O 3 on schizophrenia admissions was found. The stratified analysis indicated that females and younger individuals (
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-19026-z