Preoperative detection of occult endometrial malignancies in endometrial hyperplasia to improve primary surgical therapy: A scoping review of the literature

• Published in: International journal of gynecology and obstetrics 2022-10, Vol.159 (1), p.21-42
• Main Authors: Laban, Mohamed, El‐Swaify, Seif Tarek, Ali, Sara H., Refaat, Mazen A., Sabbour, Mohamed, Farrag, Nourhan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: diagnosis; endometrial cancer; endometrial hyperplasia; gynecologic oncology; occult; risk prediction; scoping review
• ISSN: 0020-7292; 1879-3479
• DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14139

The risk of undertreating occult endometrial cancer is a problem faced by gynecologists when treating endometrial hyperplasia. The objective of this study is to highlight diagnostic adjuncts to endometrial sampling techniques to improve preoperative detection of co‐existing cancer. A systematic search of databases till July 2021: PubMed, ISI‐Clarivate Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL. A search of the related literature was also carried out. Two authors screened potential studies. Studies were included if they examined the diagnostic performance of any predictors of concurrent cancer in patients diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia. Authors charted variables related to literature characteristics (e.g., authors, year of publication), population characteristics (e.g., preoperative diagnoses), and variables related to our research questions (e.g., postoperative diagnoses, risk predictors). After screening 591 potential studies, 28 studies were included. Studies included the data of 7409 endometrial hyperplasia patients with 2377 concurrent endometrial cancer cases (32.1%). Forty potential predictors of concurrent cancer were investigated. We examined three categories of potential predictors: clinical (22 studies), histopathologic/imaging (16 studies), and molecular (six studies) predictors. The proposed predictors, age, menopausal status, diabetes, WHO and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia histopathologic criteria, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, and molecular profiling are promising diagnostic adjuncts. The contents of this page will be used as part of issue TOC only. It will not be published as part of main article. This systematic scoping review identifies several clinical, histopathological, imaging, and molecular diagnostic adjuncts as potential future research targets to improve detection of concurrent EC.