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Leaching of organic matters and formation of disinfection by-product as a result of presence of microplastics in natural freshwaters

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment that may cause negative impacts on the aquatic organisms and human health. They exist in water and wastewater, which are from several sources, such as inappropriate disposal and littering. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the characteristic...

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Published in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 2022-07, Vol.299, p.134300-134300, Article 134300
Main Authors: Koh, Kok Yuen, Chen, Zhihao, Lin, Shihan, Chandra Mohan, Kishan, Luo, Xiaohong, Chen, J. Paul
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description Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment that may cause negative impacts on the aquatic organisms and human health. They exist in water and wastewater, which are from several sources, such as inappropriate disposal and littering. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the characteristics of MPs in different water types and oxidation processes and study dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching and chloroform formation. A commonly existing plastic matter, polyethylene (PE) was placed in different waters and gone through the Fenton-like reaction and the chlorination. The result showed that the PE leached nearly a similar amount of DOC (
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Paul</creator><creatorcontrib>Koh, Kok Yuen ; Chen, Zhihao ; Lin, Shihan ; Chandra Mohan, Kishan ; Luo, Xiaohong ; Chen, J. Paul</creatorcontrib><description>Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment that may cause negative impacts on the aquatic organisms and human health. They exist in water and wastewater, which are from several sources, such as inappropriate disposal and littering. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the characteristics of MPs in different water types and oxidation processes and study dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching and chloroform formation. A commonly existing plastic matter, polyethylene (PE) was placed in different waters and gone through the Fenton-like reaction and the chlorination. The result showed that the PE leached nearly a similar amount of DOC (&lt;1 mg L−1), which was regardless of the water types and under low-dosed irradiation/dark environment. The leached DOC caused the chloroform formation after the chlorination in the waters. During the Fenton-like reaction with the PE, a higher amount of leached DOC (∼3 mg L−1) was detected compared with that in the chlorination (∼0.8 mg L−1). The degree of DOC leaching from the PE caused by the oxidation processes was reflected by the degree of surface structural damage on the PE. However, the chlorination resulted in a higher chloroform formation from the PE (∼20 μg L−1) as the Fenton-like reaction degraded the chloroform. The higher the sodium hypochlorite concentration, the higher the chloroform concentration. When the chloroform existed in the water with the PE, adsorption of chloroform onto the PE was initially observed; however the rate of volatilization would be higher than the rate of adsorption eventually. This study offers useful information for the risk assessment of MPs in our fresh water and drinking water and possible mitigation strategies. [Display omitted] •MP leaches DOC, subsequently forming chloroform after chlorination.•DOC and chloroform contents are regardless of water types and irradiation.•Fenton-like reaction causes higher DOC leaching, but less chloroform.•Chlorination causes more chloroform formation than Fenton-like reaction.•MP can adsorb chloroform in the water.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0045-6535</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1298</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134300</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35288183</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adsorption ; Chloroform ; Fenton-like reaction ; Oxidation ; Polyethylene</subject><ispartof>Chemosphere (Oxford), 2022-07, Vol.299, p.134300-134300, Article 134300</ispartof><rights>2022 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c377t-9217386390af49bcc90748e28d6bf28117fb633e52e04d77309d405b941c4fc73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c377t-9217386390af49bcc90748e28d6bf28117fb633e52e04d77309d405b941c4fc73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9019-0009 ; 0000-0002-2646-3295 ; 0000-0002-5573-5237 ; 0000-0002-9964-293X ; 0000-0003-4525-2271</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35288183$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Koh, Kok Yuen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Zhihao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Shihan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chandra Mohan, Kishan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Xiaohong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, J. Paul</creatorcontrib><title>Leaching of organic matters and formation of disinfection by-product as a result of presence of microplastics in natural freshwaters</title><title>Chemosphere (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><description>Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment that may cause negative impacts on the aquatic organisms and human health. They exist in water and wastewater, which are from several sources, such as inappropriate disposal and littering. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the characteristics of MPs in different water types and oxidation processes and study dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching and chloroform formation. A commonly existing plastic matter, polyethylene (PE) was placed in different waters and gone through the Fenton-like reaction and the chlorination. The result showed that the PE leached nearly a similar amount of DOC (&lt;1 mg L−1), which was regardless of the water types and under low-dosed irradiation/dark environment. The leached DOC caused the chloroform formation after the chlorination in the waters. During the Fenton-like reaction with the PE, a higher amount of leached DOC (∼3 mg L−1) was detected compared with that in the chlorination (∼0.8 mg L−1). The degree of DOC leaching from the PE caused by the oxidation processes was reflected by the degree of surface structural damage on the PE. However, the chlorination resulted in a higher chloroform formation from the PE (∼20 μg L−1) as the Fenton-like reaction degraded the chloroform. The higher the sodium hypochlorite concentration, the higher the chloroform concentration. When the chloroform existed in the water with the PE, adsorption of chloroform onto the PE was initially observed; however the rate of volatilization would be higher than the rate of adsorption eventually. 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Paul</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Leaching of organic matters and formation of disinfection by-product as a result of presence of microplastics in natural freshwaters</atitle><jtitle>Chemosphere (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><date>2022-07</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>299</volume><spage>134300</spage><epage>134300</epage><pages>134300-134300</pages><artnum>134300</artnum><issn>0045-6535</issn><eissn>1879-1298</eissn><abstract>Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment that may cause negative impacts on the aquatic organisms and human health. They exist in water and wastewater, which are from several sources, such as inappropriate disposal and littering. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the characteristics of MPs in different water types and oxidation processes and study dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching and chloroform formation. A commonly existing plastic matter, polyethylene (PE) was placed in different waters and gone through the Fenton-like reaction and the chlorination. The result showed that the PE leached nearly a similar amount of DOC (&lt;1 mg L−1), which was regardless of the water types and under low-dosed irradiation/dark environment. The leached DOC caused the chloroform formation after the chlorination in the waters. During the Fenton-like reaction with the PE, a higher amount of leached DOC (∼3 mg L−1) was detected compared with that in the chlorination (∼0.8 mg L−1). The degree of DOC leaching from the PE caused by the oxidation processes was reflected by the degree of surface structural damage on the PE. However, the chlorination resulted in a higher chloroform formation from the PE (∼20 μg L−1) as the Fenton-like reaction degraded the chloroform. The higher the sodium hypochlorite concentration, the higher the chloroform concentration. 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subjects Adsorption
Chloroform
Fenton-like reaction
Oxidation
Polyethylene
title Leaching of organic matters and formation of disinfection by-product as a result of presence of microplastics in natural freshwaters
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