Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in beach sediments of Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt

• Published in: Marine pollution bulletin 2022-04, Vol.177, p.113517-113517, Article 113517
• Main Authors: Nour, Hamdy E., Helal, Sobhi A., Wahab, Mohamed Abdel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anthropogenic factors; Assessment; Beaches; Cadmium; Carcinogens; Coefficients; Contamination; Copper; Health risk; Health risks; Heavy metals; Human influences; Lead; Mercury; Mercury (metal); Metal concentrations; Pollutants; Pollution index; Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba; Risk assessment; Sediments; Tourism; Zinc
• ISSN: 0025-326X; 1879-3363
• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113517

The Egyptian beaches on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba in Sinai are a destination for international tourism throughout the year. Therefore, assessing the concentration levels of heavy metal pollutants and identifying the extent of their impact on human health is important. Single and integrated pollutants indices have been used to assess the risks of these elements. The results of single indices proved that the study area contain Fe and Zn came mostly from natural source while Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg originated from anthropogenic sources. However, the integrated pollutants indices revealed that this area is not polluted with heavy metals. On the other hand, the hazard index, and the carcinogenic risk over the lifetime coefficients proved that the beach sand of the study area is completely safe and does not have additional health risks to children or adults, where LCR