AC electrokinetic immobilization of influenza virus

The use of alternating current (AC) electrokinetic forces, like dielectrophoresis and AC electroosmosis, as a simple and fast method to immobilize sub‐micrometer objects onto nanoelectrode arrays is presented. Due to its medical relevance, the influenza virus is chosen as a model organism. One of th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Electrophoresis 2022-06, Vol.43 (12), p.1309-1321
Main Authors: Stanke, Sandra, Wenger, Christian, Bier, Frank F., Hölzel, Ralph
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AC electrokinetics
AC electroosmosis
Alternating current
Arrays
Dielectrophoresis
Electric fields
Electricity
Electrodes
Electrokinetics
Electroosmosis
Fluid dynamics
Fluid flow
Fluorescence
Immobilization
Influenza
influenza virus
Microscopy
Microscopy, Fluorescence
nanoelectrodes
Orthomyxoviridae
Side effects
Viruses
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Summary:The use of alternating current (AC) electrokinetic forces, like dielectrophoresis and AC electroosmosis, as a simple and fast method to immobilize sub‐micrometer objects onto nanoelectrode arrays is presented. Due to its medical relevance, the influenza virus is chosen as a model organism. One of the outstanding features is that the immobilization of viral material to the electrodes can be achieved permanently, allowing subsequent handling independently from the electrical setup. Thus, by using merely electric fields, we demonstrate that the need of prior chemical surface modification could become obsolete. The accumulation of viral material over time is observed by fluorescence microscopy. The influences of side effects like electrothermal fluid flow, causing a fluid motion above the electrodes and causing an intensity gradient within the electrode array, are discussed. Due to the improved resolution by combining fluorescence microscopy with deconvolution, it is shown that the viral material is mainly drawn to the electrode edge and to a lesser extent to the electrode surface. Finally, areas of application for this functionalization technique are presented.
ISSN:0173-0835
1522-2683
DOI:10.1002/elps.202100324