Post COVID-19 infection neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD): A case report-based systematic review

•NMOSD is a rare CNS inflammatory condition associated with optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), and involving aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in the astrocytic water channel.•Parainfectious pathogenesis as an environmental risk factor could play a key role in triggering NMOSD.•Ou...

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Published in:Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2022-04, Vol.60, p.103697-103697, Article 103697
Main Authors: Mirmosayyeb, Omid, Ghaffary, Elham Moases, Bagherieh, Sara, Barzegar, Mahdi, Dehghan, Mohammad Sadegh, Shaygannejad, Vahid
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
COVID-19
Devic disease
Neuromyelitis optica Spectrum disorder
NMOSD
SARS-CoV-2
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Summary:•NMOSD is a rare CNS inflammatory condition associated with optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), and involving aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in the astrocytic water channel.•Parainfectious pathogenesis as an environmental risk factor could play a key role in triggering NMOSD.•Our systematic review presented the case reports of patients with NMOSD following COVID-19. Background: One of the rare neuroinflammatory disorders is Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) which involves the central nervous system (CNS), and develops by various etiologies. There is evident that viral infections could cause neurological disorders. In this regard, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) triggers NMOSD, based on reports. We performed this systematic review to evaluate NMOSD patients following COVID-19 infection. Methods: We collected 345 studies from PubMed (Medline), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to 20 October 2021, and our inclusion criteria were English case reports/case series. Other types of Coronaviridae virus studies, review articles, articles written in any language other than English were excluded as well. Results: 11 case reports were selected from 345 studies and data was extracted according to inclusion criteria. In all cases, NMOSD was reported following COVID-19 infection, and various symptoms such as blurring or loss of vision, weakness, and numbness were common, and the COVID-19 infection was confirmed by different tests such as PCR test, immunoglobulin assay and chest imaging. Conclusion: Review regarding case reports showed that NMOSD is conceivable following COVID-19.
ISSN:2211-0348
2211-0356
DOI:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103697