Implications of immune cells in oncolytic herpes simplex virotherapy for glioma

Despite current progress in treatment, glioblastoma (GBM) remains a lethal primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Although immunotherapy has recently achieved remarkable survival effectiveness in multiple malignancies, none of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for GBM have show...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brain tumor pathology 2022-04, Vol.39 (2), p.57-64
Main Authors: Otani, Yoshihiro, Yoo, Ji Young, Shimizu, Toshihiko, Kurozumi, Kazuhiko, Date, Isao, Kaur, Balveen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer Research
Cancer therapies
Glioma
Herpes viruses
Immunotherapy
Kinases
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neurology
Neurosurgery
Oncology
Pathology
Review Article
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Summary:Despite current progress in treatment, glioblastoma (GBM) remains a lethal primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Although immunotherapy has recently achieved remarkable survival effectiveness in multiple malignancies, none of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for GBM have shown anti-tumor efficacy in clinical trials. GBM has a characteristic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that results in the failure of ICIs. Oncolytic herpes simplex virotherapy (oHSV) is the most advanced United States Food and Drug Administration-approved virotherapy for advanced metastatic melanoma patients. Recently, another oHSV, Delytact ® , was granted conditional approval in Japan against GBM, highlighting it as a promising treatment. Since oncolytic virotherapy can recruit abundant immune cells and modify the immune TME, oncolytic virotherapy for immunologically cold GBM will be an attractive therapeutic option for GBM. However, as these immune cells have roles in both anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity, fine-tuning of the TME using oncolytic virotherapy will be important to maximize the therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of oHSV, with a focus on the role of immune cells as friend or foe in oncolytic virotherapy.
ISSN:1433-7398
1861-387X
DOI:10.1007/s10014-022-00431-8