Is humoral and cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modified by DMT in patients with multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases?

• Published in: Multiple sclerosis 2022-06, Vol.28 (7), p.1138-1145
• Main Authors: Zabalza, Ana, Arrambide, Georgina, Otero-Romero, Susana, Pappolla, Agustín, Tagliani, Paula, López-Maza, Samuel, Cárdenas-Robledo, Simón, Esperalba, Juliana, Fernández-Naval, Candela, Martínez-Gallo, Monica, Castillo, Mireia, Bonastre, Mercè, Resina-Salles, Mireia, Bertran, Jordina, Rodriguez-Barranco, Marta, Carbonell-Mirabent, Pere, Gonzalez, Marina, Merchan, Miguel, Quiroga-Varela, Ana, Miguela, Albert, Gómez, Imma, Álvarez, Gary, Robles, René, Perez del Campo, Dúnia, Queralt, Xavier, Soler, Maria José, Agraz, Irene, Martinez-Valle, Fernando, Rodríguez-Acevedo, Breogán, Midaglia, Luciana, Vidal-Jordana, Ángela, Cobo-Calvo, Álvaro, Tur, Carmen, Galan, Ingrid, Castillo, Joaquín, Río, Jordi, Espejo, Carmen, Comabella, Manuel, Nos, Carlos, Sastre-Garriga, Jaume, Ramió-Torrentà, Lluís, Tintoré, Mar, Montalban, Xavier
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibodies, Viral; Autoimmune diseases; CD20 antigen; Coronaviruses; COVID-19 - prevention & control; COVID-19 Vaccines; Humans; Immune response (humoral); Immunology; Immunomodulation; Multiple sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy; Patients; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Sphingosine 1-phosphate; Vaccination; Vaccines
• ISSN: 1352-4585; 1477-0970
• DOI: 10.1177/13524585221089540

Background: The effect of disease-modifying therapies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine response is unclear. Objectives: We aim to determine the immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 in multiple sclerosis (MS) and anti-CD20-treated patients with other autoimmune diseases (AID). Methods: Humoral and cellular responses we determined before and 30-90 days after vaccination in patients with MS and anti-CD20-treated patients with other AID in two Catalan centers. Results: 457 patients were enrolled. Findings showed that humoral response decreased under anti-CD20s or sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1PRM) and with longer treatment duration and increased after 4.5 months from the last anti-CD20 infusion. Cellular response decreased in S1PRM-treated. Patients on anti-CD20 can present cellular responses even in the absence of antibodies. Conclusion: Anti-CD20s and S1PRM modify the immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.