Gadolinium retention in the tunica media of arterial walls—a complementary study using elemental bioimaging and immunogold staining

• Published in: Metallomics 2022-06, Vol.14 (6)
• Main Authors: Fingerhut, Stefanie, Buchholz, Rebecca, Bücker, Patrick, Clasen, Wolfgang, Sperling, Michael, Müller, Klaus-Michael, Rehkämper, Jan, Radbruch, Alexander, Richter, Henning, Jeibmann, Astrid, Karst, Uwe
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Contrast Media - chemistry; Gadolinium; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Staining and Labeling; Tunica Media - chemistry
• ISSN: 1756-591X; 1756-591X
• DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac029

Abstract Gadolinium (Gd) deposition has been found in both animal and human tissues after injections of Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Without the knowledge of which tissues are most affected, it is difficult to determine whether Gd accumulation could lead to any pathological changes. The current study aims at investigating histological sections of three patients who were exposed to GBCAs during their lifetime, and identify areas of Gd accumulation. Tissue sections of three autopsy cases were investigated by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) to assess the distribution of Gd, and the deposition within tissue sections was quantified. Additional application of laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (LA–ICP–OES) enabled a sensitive detection of calcium (Ca) in the vessel walls, which is usually impeded in LA–ICP–MS due to the isobaric interference with argon. Complementary LA–ICP–MS and LA–ICP–OES analysis revealed that Gd was co-localized with zinc and Ca, in the area where smooth muscle actin was present. Notably, high levels of Gd were found in the tunica media of arterial walls, which requires further research into potential Gd-related toxicity in this specific location. Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (LA-ICP-OES) and immunogold labeling were combined to assess the distribution of Gd in tissue and visualize co-localization with zinc and Ca in regions rich in smooth muscle actin.