Simulation of imaging with sodium iodide crystals and position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes

The imaging characteristics of miniature gamma cameras that consist of a single sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) crystal coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) have been studied via Monte Carlo simulations. Images obtained with such cameras with the use of conventional position calculat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States) 1994-08, Vol.41 (4), p.1510-1515
Main Authors: Ordonez, C.E., Mintzer, R.A., Aarsvold, S.N., Yasillo, N.J., Matthews, K.L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
BIOMEDICAL RADIOGRAPHY
CAMERAS
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
FUNCTIONS
GAMMA CAMERAS
Gamma rays
Glass
Image coding
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Light emitting diodes
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Medical sciences
MEDICINE
Miscellaneous. Technology
NAI DETECTORS
Nonlinear distortion
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Optical imaging
Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques
Photomultipliers
Photonic crystals
POSITION SENSITIVE DETECTORS
RADIATION DETECTORS
RADIOLOGY
RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE
RESPONSE FUNCTIONS
SCINTILLATION COUNTERS
SIMULATION
SOLID SCINTILLATION DETECTORS 550602 > Medicine-- External Radiation in Diagnostics-- (1980-)
Virtual prototyping
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Description
Summary:The imaging characteristics of miniature gamma cameras that consist of a single sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) crystal coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) have been studied via Monte Carlo simulations. Images obtained with such cameras with the use of conventional position calculations exhibit considerable distortions, particularly compression. This study demonstrates that the distortions result primarily from nonuniform sensitivities of PSPMTs and secondarily from nonlinear responses of PSPMTs, light-reflection properties resulting from the treatments of crystals, and light-refractive properties of glass interfaces between crystals and photocathodes. Simulation results are compared to images obtained with a prototype miniature gamma camera.< >
ISSN:0018-9499
1558-1578
DOI:10.1109/23.322940