Phenol metabolic fingerprint and selection of intake biomarkers after acute and sustained consumption of red-fleshed apple versus common apple in humans. The AppleCOR study

•Red-fleshed apple is a rich source of polyphenols and biofortified in anthocyanins.•A complete elucidation of the phenolic metabolism of red-fleshed apple is presented.•Acute and sustained interventions were combined to evaluate phenolic bioavailability.•We report a strong influence of the food mat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food chemistry 2022-08, Vol.384, p.132612-132612, Article 132612
Main Authors: Macià, Alba, Romero, Maria-Paz, Yuste, Silvia, Ludwig, Iziar, Pedret, Anna, Valls, Rosa Maria, Salamanca, Patricia, Solà, Rosa, José Motilva, Maria, Rubió, Laura
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anthocyanins
Anthocyanins - analysis
apples
bioavailability
biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Chromatography, Liquid
feces
food chemistry
Fruit - chemistry
fruits
human health
Humans
hypercholesterolemia
Intake biomarkers
Malus - metabolism
Metabolism
Phenol
Phenols - metabolism
Red-fleshed apple
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
UPLC-MS/MS
urine
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Summary:•Red-fleshed apple is a rich source of polyphenols and biofortified in anthocyanins.•A complete elucidation of the phenolic metabolism of red-fleshed apple is presented.•Acute and sustained interventions were combined to evaluate phenolic bioavailability.•We report a strong influence of the food matrix on anthocyanins bioavailability.•A selection of the most discriminatory phenolic intake biomarkers was performed. The present study aimed to evaluate the metabolism and bioavailability of anthocyanins (ACN) and other phenolics from red-fleshed apple (RFA) and to define the intake biomarkers compared to common white-fleshed apple (WFA). Acute and sustained (6-week) interventions were combined in a randomized, controlled and parallel study with 121 hypercholesterolemic subjects. Another arm consuming ACN-rich infusion from aronia fruit (ARO) provided matched content and profile of ACN. Plasma, urine and faeces samples were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. Results showed higher bioavailability of ACN after ARO compared to RFA, showing a clear apple matrix effect. The dihydrochalcone phloretin-2′-O-glucuronide was the most discriminant intake biomarker of both apples. The urinary peonidin-3-O-galactoside was a good biomarker after both ARO and RFA intakes, whereas peonidin-O-arabinoside was reported to be specific from ARO. The elucidation of the phenolic metabolism and the selection of intake biomarkers is a promising approach to relate phenolic compounds and human health.
ISSN:0308-8146
1873-7072
DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132612